Environmental Science Management

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE GENERATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN AREKA TOWN ADMINISTRATION, WOLAITA ZONE, SOUTHERN REGION, ETHIOPIA

2024-12-16T08:11:06Z

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE GENERATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN AREKA TOWN ADMINISTRATION, WOLAITA ZONE, SOUTHERN REGION, ETHIOPIA Aklilu Habte Hankore; (PhD) Mengistu Mengesha; (PhD) Manikandan Municipal Solid Waste, solid waste generation, solid waste composition: 109p.

ADOPTION OF CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR IMPACTS ON VULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGE, FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY OF WHEAT FARMERS IN ARSI ZONE, OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIA

2024-06-21T06:37:50Z

ADOPTION OF CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR IMPACTS ON VULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGE, FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY OF WHEAT FARMERS IN ARSI ZONE, OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIA Mustefa Bati Geda; Profe Jema Haji; Dr. Kedir Jemal; Dr. Fresebet Zeleke Climate-resilient crop production requires the use of crop technology that can sustainably increase productivity, decrease vulnerability, and improve resilience. Despite countrywide initiatives that promote climate smart agricultural technologies adoption, the rate of adoption has been extremely low. Similarly, the level of vulnerability varies significantly across households, nations, and regions. Moreover, although the 2030 agenda's aim of "zero hunger and malnutrition" has achieved tremendous progress, the prevalence of food insecurity and malnutrition is constantly rising worldwide. Thus, this study aims to analyze the climate smart agricultural technologies adoptions and their impact on reducing vulnerability and building resilience to climate change, improving food and nutrition security of smallholder wheat farmers in Arsi zone. Towards this, plot-level primary data were gathered from 628 plots that were managed by 422 randomly selected wheat-producing smallholder farmers in three selected districts of the Zone. Descriptive statistics and econometric models including the multivariate probit model, the binary logit model, the ordered logit model, and the multinomial endogenous switching regression(MNESR) were used to analyze the data. Among the major climate smart agricultural technologies adopted for wheat production in the study area, this study considered improved wheat varieties, integrated soil fertility management, and irrigation technologies. The result indicated that improved wheat varieties, integrated soil fertility management, and irrigation technologies were adopted on 95%, 85%, and 19% of the wheat plots, respectively. The result of the MVP revealed that farmers with higher levels of education, farming experience, and contact with extension workers, have credit access, are members of social organizations, have access to market information, have greater annual total income, and are closer to the nearest market center and wheat farm are more likely to adopt climate smart agricultural technologies in wheat production. The result of vulnerability as expected poverty (VEP) pointed out that 60.66% of the sample households were vulnerable to climate change while the remaining 39.34% were not. In addition, the sample household’s average resilience index was found to be 0.976 as revealed by the result of the resilience index measurement approach (RIMA). In a similar vein, the absorptive capacity (0.401) was the primary contributor among the resilience components, followed by the adaptive (0.320) and transformative (0.255) capacities. The result from the logit model pointed out that households that participated in off-farm income-generating activities, had large areas of farmland and owned large numbers of livestock, had frequent contact with extension workers, had access to improved wheat varieties and irrigation, lived in highland agroecology and participated in social organizations was probably less susceptible to climate change. The food and nutrition security status were measured, respectively, using the household calorie acquisition score and household dietary diversity score. Descriptive statistics showed that whereas 29.15% of the sample households were food insecure, 70.85% of the households were secure in their food. Similarly, low, medium, and high nutritional levels were discovered in 26.07%, 52.61%, and xviii 21.33% of the sample families, respectively. The binary logit model's result showed that while family size and distance from the market were negatively associated with the likelihood of food security, livestock holding, frequency of extension contact, chemical fertilizer, irrigation, and vegetation coverage were positively associated with it. The ordered logit results indicated that while the distances to the market and health center were negatively associated with household nutritional status, the level of education, participation in safety-net programs, total income, farm size, market information, and soil fertility had positive and significant effects. The impact of adopting climate smart agricultural technologies on the vulnerability and resilience to climate change, and food and nutrition security of wheat farmers were analyzed using the MNESR model. The result revealed that the adoption of climate-smart agricultural technologies has a positive and significant impact on reducing vulnerability and improving wheat farmers’ resilience to climate change, improving food and nutrition security in the study area. Moreover, the highest impact is attained when wheat farmers adopt a combination of climate-smart agricultural technologies than in isolation. Hence, expanding the implementation of climate- smart agricultural technologies can lower vulnerability to climate change, increase resilience to it, and improve the food and nutrition security of smallholder wheat farmers. 210p.

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE GENERATION RATE, CHARACTERIZATION AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN CHELENKO TOWN, META DISTRICT, EASTERN ETHIOPIA

2024-06-21T06:27:19Z

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE GENERATION RATE, CHARACTERIZATION AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN CHELENKO TOWN, META DISTRICT, EASTERN ETHIOPIA Jibril Abrahim Yusuf; (PhD), Tassema Toru; (PhD) Mengistu Mengesha A Daily human activity generates solid waste, which became serious public health problem. Population growth together with the rapid urban development and expansion created serious human health and environmental degradation. The aim of this study was to assess municipal solid waste generation rate, characterization of the physical and chemical properties and management practices in Chelenko town of Meta District, Eastern Ethiopia. In this research, descriptive research design with both qualitative and quantitative approaches was implemented. The 134 households were chosen by systematic random sampling considering low income, middle income and high-income levels. The daily waste generated by the three sectors were collected and sorted into its component parts with the weight of each component recorded. A household survey, questionnaire, interview and field observation, were employed to gather data on the socioeconomic situation, solid waste generated and existing waste management practices. For chemical analysis, a homogenized biodegradable waste was used in the laboratory. The solid waste generated per capita was 0.31kg/cap/day, 1.9 kg/day, and 0.14 kg/day for households, commercial, and government offices respectively. Solid waste generation shows positive correlation with family size, educational level and monthly income. The households’ biodegradable waste was dominant 68.85% with portion of food waste 36%, commercial center’s was dominant 64% with fraction of food waste 30% and government Offices’ was dominant 57.5% with portion of cardboard and paper accounted for 34%. The solid waste management practices were poor and need more attention. The municipality should make due attention for participation, awareness, educational, strategic planning, and institutional arrangement and efficient management practices on solid waste. Thus, strong collaboration should be needed between the municipality, health office and other stakeholders to solve problems concerning solid wastes in Chelenko Town. The results of this study are important to the town administration to know the solid waste generation in the town and make the necessary decision on its management. Hence, the study might bring functional solutions for addressing solid waste management problem in the study area. 88p.

EFFECTS OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON TEFF (Eragrostis tef [Zucc] Trotter) YIELD AND FARMERS’ ADAPTATION STRATEGIES IN ADEA DISTRICT OF EAST SHEWA ZONE, OROMIA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA

2024-06-11T10:57:21Z

EFFECTS OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON TEFF (Eragrostis tef [Zucc] Trotter) YIELD AND FARMERS’ ADAPTATION STRATEGIES IN ADEA DISTRICT OF EAST SHEWA ZONE, OROMIA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA TIGIST KIBRET ASEGID; Mengistu Mengesha (PhD); Abebe Aschalew (PhD) This study examines the effects of climate variability on teff yield and the adaptation strategies employed by farmers in the Adea district of Ethiopia. The study utilized a combination of purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Three rural kebeles were selected purposively from the midland agro-ecology, and a total of 146 teff farmer respondents were randomly selected using a lottery method. To gather the necessary data, both primary and secondary sources were utilized. Historical climate data (1981-2021) of the Adea district were obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) power data access, while thirteen years of teff yield data (2009-2021) were obtained from the Adea district Agriculture and Rural Development Office. Surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions were conducted with teff farmers to gather information on their adaptation strategies in response to climate variability. The collected data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods. The study analyzed climate variability and trends in the Adea district, focusing on annual, seasonal, and monthly temperatures and rainfall. The results indicated a steady increase and decrease in temperature during the study period, with significant increasing trends observed in kiremt seasonal rainfall. The annual minimum temperature also showed a significant increasing trend (P<0.05) by a factor of 0.018. The total annual rainfall exhibited significant variability (P<0.01) over the 41 years, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 25.59% and a standard deviation (SD) of 287.78 mm. The driest year on record was in 2002, while the wettest year occurred in 2020. The result also revealed a prevalence of meteorological drought conditions with 58.54% of the months experiencing drought over the 41 years based on the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) analysis. Multiple regression analysis showed that 94.3% of the variation in teff productivity was explained by climate variables. The analysis indicated that climate variables have a statistically significant influence on teff productivity. Farmers in the study area have implemented a range of adaptation strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of climate variability. These strategies include using improved crop varieties, adjusting planting dates, diversifying crops, implementing small-scale irrigation and water harvesting methods, cultivating drought-resistant crops, and practicing soil and water conservation techniques. The study highlights the importance of considering socio-economic, institutional, and environmental factors in implementing effective climate risk management strategies for teff farming in the region. It is imperative to implement climate risk management strategies that consider location-specific socioeconomic factors to combat the potential effects of climate variability on teff yield. 77