Field epidemiologyhttp://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/2002024-03-29T12:48:53Z2024-03-29T12:48:53ZFACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MORTALITY AMONG HOSPITALIZED Covid-19 ADULT PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN DIRE DAWA, EASTERN ETHIOPIA: HOSPITAL BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDYDagmawi AbebeProf. Nega Assefa(Assist. Profe) Assefa Tolahttp://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/67112023-11-02T06:22:39Z2023-05-01T00:00:00ZFACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MORTALITY AMONG HOSPITALIZED Covid-19 ADULT PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN DIRE DAWA, EASTERN ETHIOPIA: HOSPITAL BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDY
Dagmawi Abebe; Prof. Nega Assefa; (Assist. Profe) Assefa Tola
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 has become one ofthe leading causes of death worldwide,
particularly among peoples with preexisting non-communicable diseases. However, a study
involving only COVID-19 patients with underlying NCDs has not been studied before.
Objective: To assess factors associated with mortality and compare baseline vital sign and
laboratory parameters among hospitalized COVID-19 adult patients with chronic non communicable diseases in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia, December15, 2022 to January 15, 2023.
Methods: Unmatched case-control study with a case to control ratio of 1:2 was conducted by
reviewing the medical records of COVID-19 patients hospitalized between June1, 2020 and June
30, 2022. Cases and controls were selected by a simple random sampling technique from the same
Hospital. Data were extracted using data abstraction tool. The data were entered into Epi-data
version 3.1and analyzed using SPSS version 22 software. Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney
U test were used to compare baseline vital sign and laboratory parameters. Bivariable and
multivariable logistic regression model were used for statistical analysis. AOR with 95% CI and
p-value <0.05 were used to declared levelof statistical significance.
Result: A total of 372 charts (125 cases and 247 controls) were included in the analysis. Charts
with incomplete data 9(2.4%) were excluded. The mean age of cases was higher than that of
controls (60 year (±14.7)) versus (53 year (±15.9)). Half of cases were 63(50.4%) female and 157
(63.6%) of controls were male. In multivariable analysis, age group 60 and above (AOR=2.5, 95%
CI (1.1-5.63)), being male (AOR=0.5, 95% CI (0.32-0.92)), hypertension (AOR = 2, 95% CI (1.14-
3.35)), diabetes mellitus (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI (1.1- 3.16)), severe COVID-19 (AOR = 4.9, 95%
CI (2.25- 10.86)), critical COVID-19 (AOR = 6.2, 95% CI (2.38-16.06)) and ICU admission
(AOR = 2.9, 95% CI (1.5-5.56)) were significantly associated with an increased odds of COVID 19 mortality.
Conclusion: Older age 60 year and above, having hypertension, being diabetic, severe disease,
critical disease, and being hospitalized in the ICU were significantly associated with an increased
odds of COVID-19 mortality. Whereas, being male had less chance of mortality. We recommend,
maintaining and strengthening of preventive measures intensively addressing older age, female,
hypertensive and diabetic COVID-19 patients and improving critical care serves
56p.
2023-05-01T00:00:00ZUTILISATION OF LONG-LASTING INSECTICIDAL TREATED NET IN PREVENTING MALARIA INFECTION IN TELTELE DISTRICT BORENA ZONE, ETHIOPIA: MATCHED CASE–CONTROL STUDYBoru Ashana BarakoAbraham Geremew (PhDMelake Demena (MPHhttp://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/64942023-10-27T05:51:11Z2023-02-01T00:00:00ZUTILISATION OF LONG-LASTING INSECTICIDAL TREATED NET IN PREVENTING MALARIA INFECTION IN TELTELE DISTRICT BORENA ZONE, ETHIOPIA: MATCHED CASE–CONTROL STUDY
Boru Ashana Barako; Abraham Geremew (PhD; Melake Demena (MPH
Background: Malaria is major public health problem in Ethiopia; mainly due to large Mobile community and climate change. Teltele Woreda is one of the high malaria transmission stratified district in low land area of Borena Zone.
Objective: To assess utilisation of treated bed net in malaria prevention among individuals in Teltele district, Borena zone, Ethiopia from July 15-August 31, 2022.
Methods: An institution-based age, resident, and gender matched case–control study was conducted among 300 samples (75 cases and 225 controls). Cases were individuals tested by microscopy and get positive for malaria at health center and Hospital, controls were matched by age, resident and gender with cases by interval and individual matching respectively. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, entered in to Epi-data version 3.1 and matched cases and controls were paired by grouping with the same codes. The data were exported to STATA version 14.0 for analysis. To measure association between dependent and independent variables bivariable (matched crude odds ratio) and multivariable (matched adjusted odds ratio) conditional logistic regression analysis were done with 95% confidence interval (CI). The effectiveness of treated bed nets in malaria prevention was declared when the p-value was<0.05 during a multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis.
Results: About 29(39%) cases and 130(58.5%) of controls were slept under bed net regularly for two weeks prior to data collection. The study shows odds of malaria infection reduces by 71.6% among individual that use bed net regularly for the last two weeks. (AOR=0.284, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.62). Moreover, living in a house sprayed with IRS (AOR=0.19 95%CI= (0.07, 0.48), frequently opening doors and windows (AOR=5.7, 95%, CI 2.24, 14.4), living with a patient having similar malaria signs (AOR=11.27, 95%, CI 3.84, 33.10) were significantly associated with malaria.
Conclusion: The current finding on utilisation of bed net suggested, regularly sleeping under a bed net provides high protection from malaria infection, therefore availing and nudging the community to use is fundamental. In addition, spraying house with IRS and other vector control activities are needed an integrated approach for effective prevention of malaria in the district
78
2023-02-01T00:00:00ZTUBERCULOSIS IN PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES OF ODO SHAKISO DISTRICT, GUJI ZONE, OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIALilo UragoTesfaye Gobena (Ph.D, Associate Professor)Tariku Dingeta (Ph.D, Assistant Professor)http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/55382023-03-27T07:34:19Z2021-11-01T00:00:00ZTUBERCULOSIS IN PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES OF ODO SHAKISO DISTRICT, GUJI ZONE, OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIA
Lilo Urago; Tesfaye Gobena (Ph.D, Associate Professor); Tariku Dingeta (Ph.D, Assistant Professor)
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide and the leading cause
of death from a single infectious agent. In 2019, about 10 million people developed TB and 1.4
million died in the world. Currently, Ethiopia is one of the 30 high TB burden countries and also one
of the 14 countries within the three lists of the new WHO classification of high burden countries.
Comparing the Tb incidence of study area with zonal and national level, for three consecutive years
starting from 2017, it was by far higher than both zonal and national incidence each year. But the
determinant factors were not studied in this district.
Objective: To assess determinants of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis in public health
facilities of Odo shakiso district, Guji Zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia, June 2021.
Methods: A facility based case control study was conducted from 15-30 June 2021 among 118
cases and 236 controls in Odo shakiso district. The sample size was estimated by OPEN EPI
statistical software and proportionally distributed to health centers based on their case loads.
Cases were randomly selected while controls were systematically. Data was entered to Epidata
and analyzed by SPSS version 22. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were
performed to assess the associated factors. Odds ratio with 95% CI was used to address the
strength of association between dependent and independent variables. Statistical level of
significance was declared at p value < 0.05.
Results: primary occupation of being miner (AOR: 5.8; 95% CI: 1.34-25.0), education status of
not formally educated (AOR: 2.04; 95% CI, 1.1-3.8), being HIV positive (AOR: 3.6; 95% CI:
1.18–11.2), having contact history with TB patient (AOR: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.87–6.36 and Body
Mass Index <18.5 (AOR: 6.2; 95% CI: 3.5–11.07) were associated with smear positive
pulmonary tuberculosis.
Conclusion: primary occupation of being miner, education status of not formally educated, being
HIV positive, having contact history with TB patient and BMI <18.5 was risk factors for smear
positive PTB. Health, mining and energy and education sectors should work together to increase
awareness of community there by halt tuberculosis transmission.
80
2021-11-01T00:00:00ZLEVEL OF ART ADHERENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC ERA IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF JIGJIGA CITY EASTERN ETHIOPIASamson TesfayDr. Tariku Dingeta(AssisProf) Berhe G/Michaehttp://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/55232023-03-21T13:14:17Z2022-08-01T00:00:00ZLEVEL OF ART ADHERENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC ERA IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF JIGJIGA CITY EASTERN ETHIOPIA
Samson Tesfay; Dr. Tariku Dingeta; (AssisProf) Berhe G/Michae
Coronavirus Disease 2019 is a global public health issue which has affected
the essential health services. The pandemic containment measures and low setting of health
system are challenging the antiretroviral treatment follow-up. However, there is a paucity of
evidence regarding antiretroviral therapy adherence in Ethiopia, particularly Jigjiga city,
during the era of the Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the level of antiretroviral treatment adherence
and associated factors during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic era in Public Hospitals
of Jigjiga city, Somali region, Eastern Ethiopia.
Methodology: Institutional based cross-sectional study was carried out among 382
randomly selected Human Immune Deficiency Virus patients on antiretroviral treatment
follow-up in public hospitals of Jigjiga city from March1-30/2022. The data were collected
using a check list and pre-tested and standard structured questionnaires. Epi-data were used
for data entry and SPSS version 26 for data analysis. Bi-variable and Multivariable logistic
regression model were fitted to identify factors associated with antiretroviral treatment
adherence, odds ratios with 95% Confidence intervals were estimated. Statistical
significance was considered at p<0.05. The information was presented by using frequencies,
summary measures and graphs.
Results: The adherence rate of the study patients was 76.9% (95% CI=71.9-82). Disclosing
HIV status to sexual partners or other [AOR=2.3, (95% CI (1.22-4.19)], having
communication with health care providers’ [AOR= 3.2, (95% CI (1.57-6.53)], no history
current substance use [AOR= 2.6, (95% CI (1.45-4.63)] and patients who did not fear of
COVID-19 infection [AOR= 5.8 (3.11-10.98)] were significantly associated with optimal
ART adherence.
Conclusion: In this study, self-reported ART adherence was poor in comparison to the
expected level. Patients' adherence status was favourably related with disclosing their
own status to families and having contact with their health care providers, whereas
worrying COVID-19 pandemic infection and current substance use were adversely
associated
76p.
2022-08-01T00:00:00Z