General Public Health

Treatment outcome, and associated factors of measles infection among children admitted to Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Harar, eastern Ethiopia

2026-06-22T07:44:51Z

Treatment outcome, and associated factors of measles infection among children admitted to Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Harar, eastern Ethiopia Dr. Turina Yusuf; Mr. Assefa Desalew Measles is a highly contagious serious airborne disease caused by a virus that that can lead to severe complications and death. It has a case fatality rate of 3 – 6% and may reach as high as 30% in infants. Measles is one of the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in children of developing countries. Globally in 2023, there was an estimated 107,500 measles deaths, mostly among unvaccinated or under vaccinated children under the age of 5 years. Even though Measles is the leading problem there is no study done on the treatment outcome and associated factors in Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Treatment Outcome and associated factors among Measles cases admitted to Hiwot Fana comprehensive Specialized Hospital from July 1, 2020- June 30, 2024. Data will be collected using a data extraction tool from February 15, 2025- February 28 2025. Methods: Facility-based Retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 422 children’s admitted to at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital with the diagnosis of Measles from July 1, 2020 up to June 30 2024. A systematic sampling technique was used to select the participants and data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data was entered into environmental performance index data 7 and analyzed using the statistical package of social sciences version 27. A bivariable logistic regression analysis was done to select the variables to be entered into the final logistic multivariable analysis. Explanatory variables with p value less than or equal to 0.25 in bivariable logistic regression analysis was entered into the multivariable logistic regression analysis model and association between the independent variables. Every variable with P-values less than 0.05 in the multivariable logistic model was considered as statistically significant.Result: A total of 422 infants and children with measles infection were included in the study. Of the 422, 28 (6.6%) died with 95% CI (23.9-33.8%). In multivariable analysis, being referred on arrival (AOR= 3.136, 95%CI: 1.007-9.764), requiring IV fluids/ORS/RESOMAL (AOR-6.765 95%CI 1.426-32.095), requiring INO2/CPAP (AOR=15.67 95%CI: 3.741-65.627) and requiring vasopressors (AOR= 14.449 95%CI 1.832- 113.988) were factors significantly associated with mortality. 55p.

Utilization of Zinc Supplement and its Associated Factors among Under Five Children with Diarrhea in Chiro Town, West Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia

2026-06-22T06:45:25Z

Utilization of Zinc Supplement and its Associated Factors among Under Five Children with Diarrhea in Chiro Town, West Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia Azene Degefa (BSc, Tesfa Background: Diarrhea is a leading cause of under-five mortality globally, especially in low-resource settings. Zinc supplementation is recommended to reduce the duration and severity of diarrheal episodes, yet utilization remains inconsistent across regions and is affected by many factors. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the utilization of zinc among under-five children with diarrhea and associated factors in Chiro town, West Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia from August 11 to 30, 2024. Methods: a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 421 caregivers of under-five children with diarrhea, selected through systematic sampling. Data were collected using a structured pre-tested questionnaire, focusing on zinc use during diarrhea. The data were cleaned, coded, and entered Epi-data 3.1 then transferred and analyzed using SPSS v20. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed, reporting crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI, with statistical significance at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 417 mothers of under five children participated in the study, yielding a response rate of 99%. The study found that only 42.4% (n=177) of under-five children with diarrhea received zinc supplementation (95% CI: 38.2%-46.9%). Multivariable logistic regression identified several factors associated with zinc utilization: Mothers withhold food and fluids (AOR=0.173, 95% CI: 0.09-0.36), those with primary education (AOR=2.88, 95% CI: 1.52-5.46), attend at least secondary education (AOR=5.43, 95% CI: 2.75-10.70), and those with prior zinc experience (AOR=2.28, 95% CI: 1.35-3.84). Conclusion: while zinc supplementation is essential for all children with diarrheal episodes, its utilization remains low and influenced by withholding food and fluid, maternal education, and prior zinc use. Enhancing health education and improving its access could improve utilization rates 96

PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF VENTILATORASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA AMONG INTUBATED PATIENTS IN HIWOT FANA SPECIALIZED COMPREHENSIVE HOSPITAL, HARAR, ETHIOPIA

2026-06-18T06:59:20Z

PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF VENTILATORASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA AMONG INTUBATED PATIENTS IN HIWOT FANA SPECIALIZED COMPREHENSIVE HOSPITAL, HARAR, ETHIOPIA Amanuel Takele Denu; Seid Ali ( Asst. Profe); Alemayehu Deressa ( Asst. Profe) Ventilator-associated pneumonia refers to pneumonia that develops in patients receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours. It is associated with an increased duration of mechanical ventilation, longer stays in the intensive care unit, and higher mortality. The prevalence ranges from 10 to 25% in tertiary care hospitals, but can reach as high as 76% in certain settings and high mortality. This study aims to examine the prevalence and associated factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia to implement more effective preventive measures and reduce morbidity and mortality. Objective: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intubated patients at the Hiwot Fana and Harme Intensive Care Units from December 23, 2024 to January 10, 2025. Method: Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 171 intubated patients on invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (Harme and Hiwot fana intensive care units) from January 1, 2021, to June 30, 2024. Data were collected from patient charts using a structured checklist, which were pretested before use. The data from Kobotool box was then exported to STATA version 17 for cleaning and analysis. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and associated factors with a p-value less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Overall 171 study participants were included in this study, 46 developed VentilatorAssociated Pneumonia during their intensive care unit stay, resulting in a prevalence of 26.90% (95% CI: 21.03% -32.77%) The total ventilator days were found to be 1976 days; the median ventilator-days were 7 days with a minimum of 3 days and a maximum of 120 days. Based on onset, 9(19.6%) patients had early onset Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and the remaining 37 (80.4%) had late onset Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. Blood transfusion (adjusted odds ratio (AHR): 2.68, 95% CI: 1.03–4.98; P = 0.042), Tracheostomy (AHR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.08–0.75; P =0.014), and increased duration of MV (AHR: 4.1, 95% CI: 1.49–10.32; P = 0.005) were significantly associated with the development of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. Conclusions: Nearly one-fourth of the participants developed ventilator-associated pneumonia. Blood transfusion, tracheostomy and duration of mechanical ventilation were significantly associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia. 44p.

Knowledge, Attitude and Associated Factors Towards Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Primary School Teachers in Harar City, Harari Regional State, Ethiopia, 2024.

2026-06-18T06:45:56Z

Knowledge, Attitude and Associated Factors Towards Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Primary School Teachers in Harar City, Harari Regional State, Ethiopia, 2024. Nebyu Mola Gedle; Mr.Mandaras Tariku; Tadesse Misgana (Assis profes) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is the most frequent neuropsychiatric condition affecting preschoolers, children, adolescents, and adults around the world. Teachers are often the main source of information’s and play an essential role in the diagnosis, management and intervention of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Despite the irreplaceable role of teachers for the diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, studies done on teacher’s knowledge and attitude towards attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are rare. Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude and associated factors towards attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among primary school teachers in Harar city, Harari regional state, Ethiopia, 2024. Method: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted in primary schools that were selected by lottery method. Data were collected through self-administered structured questionnaire from 415 study participants who were selected by simple random sampling technique. Knowledge and attitude of teachers were assessed by Knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorder Scale and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Specific Attitudes Scale respectively. The data were entered into EPI data version 4.6 software and were analyzed by using STATA version 14. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were done to identify factors associated with the outcome variables. Adjusted Odds Ratio at 95% confidence interval was considered to determine the strength of association Results: From 415 respondants with a response rate of 98.5%, the magnitude of having good knowledge about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among primary school teachers was 46.50% (95% CI: 41.68-51.32). Variables such as educational level of degree and above (AOR=3.43, 95% CI: 1.41-8.39), teaching in private school (AOR= 2.27, 95% CI: (1.19-4.31), taking training or workshop (AOR=2.69, 95% CI: 1.39-5.18), working experience 10 up to 14 (AOR= 4.14, 95% CI: 1.22-14.07) and 15 up to 19 year (AOR= 6.91, 95% CI: 1.41-33.78), previous experience in teaching a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (AOR=2.45, 95% CI: 1.31-4.60) and got information through any massmedia (AOR= 3.69, 95% CI: 1.76-7.72) were significantly associated with having good knowledge about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The other finding of this study was the magnitude of favourable attitude towards ADHD among primary school teachers; which is 80.48% (95% CI 7.65-84.31). Variables such as having good knowledge about ADHD (AOR=2.16, 95% CI: 1.02-4.57), taking training or workshop (AOR= 2.64, 95% CI: 1.16-5.98), and getting information through any massmedia (AOR= 2.21, 95% CI: 1.01-4.88), were significantly associated with favourable attitude towards ADHD. Conclusion: The magnitude of having good knowledge was shown to be low in contrast their attitude was higher. Educational level of degree and above, teaching in private school, having teaching experience more than ten years, previous experience in teaching a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, taking training or workshop, and getting information through any media were significantly associated with knowledge about ADHD. While having good knowledge about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, taking training or workshop and getting information through any media were significantly associated with favorable attitude towards attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, the primary school teachers should receive trainings on the sign and symptomps of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder including the behavioural managment and attend work shops done on children mental health. Also more media coverage should be given on dissiminating informations about children mental health including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. 91p.