http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/22 2026-06-19T09:28:19Z 2026-06-19T09:28:19Z Genene Tsegaye Mekonnen Mengistu Ketema (Prof.) Endrias Geta (PhD) Moti Jaleta (PhD) http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8562 2026-06-05T06:22:25Z 2024-09-01T00:00:00Z

SMALLHOLDER FARMERS’ PARTICIPATION IN SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND ITS IMPACT ON CROP PRODUCTION AND FARM INCOME IN SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA Genene Tsegaye Mekonnen; Mengistu Ketema (Prof.); Endrias Geta (PhD); Moti Jaleta (PhD) The heavy dependence of farming communities on agriculture exposes land resources to continuous depletion and ruin. Ethiopia has been implementing sustainable land management (SLM) practices over the last four decades to cope with the problem. Exploring the socioeconomic, institutional, biophysical, and policy aspects contributing to the sustainability and effectiveness of land management practices is of paramount importance. This study analyzed farmers’ participation decisions and intensity of participation, and examined socioeconomic, institutional, biophysical, and policy factors that influenced their perceptions of SLM practices and preferred choices at a household level. It also evaluated the impacts of participation in SLM on the value of crop production and farm income. Cross-sectional data were collected in 2020/21 from 475 households drawn randomly from 6 woredas and 12 kebeles. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and econometrics models namely ordered probit, truncated double hurdle, multivariate probit model, propensity score matching technique, and endogenous switching regression model. The ordered probit model result revealed that education, cultivated land, training, land market, biophysical attributes of plot, and policy factors (land certificate, community bylaws, and incentives) influenced farmers' perception of SLM practices. The truncated double hurdle model result revealed that gender, social network, perception, land size, extension service, farm location, fertility status, slope gradient, and soil erosion showed a significant association in influencing the SLM participation decision. At the same time, non-farm income, value of crop production, and land market have reduced the participation decision. The second hurdle result also showed that farm size, value of crop production, training, distance of road, and community bylaws show a significant effect on farmers’ decision to allocate more proportion of farmland (intensity) to implement land management practices. Furthermore, the multivariate probit model result indicated that gender, education, cultivated land size, livestock holding, farm income, crop choice, institutional, and biophysical farm plot attributes affect SLM choices. The analysis further showed that five of the SLM practices combinations, namely fanya juu with soil bund, bench terrace and indigenous measure, and soil bund with bench terrace and the indigenous practices were applied jointly as complementary practices, while bench terrace with indigenous conservation measures has trade-off effect to be applied as a remedy to reduce soil erosion threat. The predicted marginal probability showed that a soil bund with a bench terrace was found to be the highest combination (i.e. 67.6%) and the lowest with indigenous conservation measures (26.9%).The propensity score matching estimator disclosed that farm plots that received SLM practices for continuous five years experienced 40.8% significant increments in the value of crop produced. Furthermore, the endogenous switching regression method disclosed that farmers who used SLM practices but they had not applied the measures to mitigate land degradation and soil erosion decreased the value of crop production and farm income by 27.2% and 73.9%, respectively. The study strengths that development programs and policy initiatives should depend on implementing physical structures, pay attention to the non-monetary aspects of farmers’ perceptions, participation decisions, and SLM choices within the context of their endowed socioeconomic, institutional, biophysical, and policy factors. Based on the impact finding, this paper concluded that it is also very crucial to train and advice farmers to promote and scaling of area-specific SLM practices that maximize social and economic benefits via policy measurement 233p.

2024-09-01T00:00:00Z Ahmed, Dechas http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8498 2026-06-03T06:37:05Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Market Chain Analysis of White Haricot Bean: The Case of Habro District, West Hararghe Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia Ahmed, Dechas The study investigated market chain analysis of white haricot beans in the Habro district, analyzing the roles of market chain actors, market structure, conduct, performance, and factors influencing market participation using cross-sectional data from 352 farm households and 20 traders during the 2023-24 production year. Findings revealed a strong oligopolistic market structure with a concentration ratio (CR4) of 50.14% and non-transparent trader conduct due to a lack of organized market information systems. Approximately 62.5% of farmers participated in the market, with higher profitability observed when producers sold directly to primary cooperative rather than rural collectors. The Heckman two-stage model identified that factors such as sex, farm size, livestock holdings, frequency of extension contact, access to credit, cooperative membership, family size, transportation ownership, and off/non-farm income positively influenced the likelihood of market participation (Probit model), while farming experience, livestock holdings, access to credit, family size, education, quantity of beans supplied, and access to market information positively affected the extent of market participation (OLS model). Conversely, distance to the market, age of the household head, sex, and non-farm income negatively impacted the extent of participation. The study recommends policy interventions focused on capacity building through education, improving access to credit, enhancing extension services, promoting farmer group marketing, and improving infrastructure and market information dissemination to increase market efficiency and support greater participation in the white haricot bean market. 96

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Andualem Begashaw Professor Mengistu Ketema Abule Mehari (PhD) Mesay Yami (Assoc Scien) http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8491 2026-06-03T05:58:34Z 2025-02-01T00:00:00Z

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION PRACTICES ON SMALLHOLDER FARMERS' WELFARE IN THE BENCH MAJI ZONE, SOUTHWEST ETHIOPIA Andualem Begashaw; Professor Mengistu Ketema; Abule Mehari (PhD); Mesay Yami (Assoc Scien) Climate change significantly impact smallholder farmers' welfare in agrarian economies like Ethiopia. The sustainability of agriculture relies on the farmer's ability to adjust their production systems in response to environmental and economic shocks and fluctuations. This study aimed to investigate the impact of climate change adaptation practices on smallholder farmers' welfare in the Bench Maji Zone, southwest Ethiopia. The research examined farmers' perceptions of climate change, their adaptations, factors influencing their choice of adaptation practices, and the impact of adopting single and combined adaptation strategies on farm income, downside risk, vulnerability to food insecurity, and the cost of risk. Cross-sectional data from 390 households in four climate-prone districts was collected using a standardized questionnaire, as well as rainfall and temperature data from 1989 to 2021. Data analysis involved the use of descriptive statistics and econometric models. The findings revealed that farmers understood climate-related changes and implemented various adaptation measures to mitigate risks. These strategies included crop diversification, soil and water conservation, improved varieties, and livelihood portfolio diversification. The multivariate probit model was employed to identify the factors determining farmer's choice of climate change adaptation strategies. The decision of the farming household to adopt crop diversification was positively influenced by frequent extension visits, access to climate information, and perceptions of moderate soil, while opinions of good soil and a moderate slope had a negative influence. Factors such as gender of the household head being male, farm size, distance from market, perception on the severity of erosion, and climate shocks positively affected soil and water conservation practices, while the perception of a flat slope had a negative influence. Education level, farm size, extension visits, access to climate information, climate shock, climate perception positively determined the adoption of improved varieties. At the same time, perceptions of good soil had a negative effect. Education level and climate shocks had a positive impact on livelihood portfolio diversification, while farm size and proximity to the market had a negative impact. A multinomial endogenous switching regression model was used to estimate the impact of adopting single and combined climate change adaptation practices on farm income and downside risk. When considering both observed and unobserved differences related to individual and combined adaptation methods, farm households that use climate change adaptation techniques, either alone or in combination, tend to see increased farm income and a notable decrease in downside risk. Results from estimating the multinomial endogenous treatment effect model showed that implementing climate change adaptation strategies together effectively reduced vulnerability to food insecurity. A quantile moment approach was applied to estimate the cost of risk. The findings reveal that the risk premium for adopting any climate change adaptation techniques, whether alone or in combination, is lower than for non-adoption in the lowest quantile. These findings underscore the importance of implementing climate change adaptation strategies in agriculture to reduce susceptibility to food insecurity during uncertain climate events. Therefore, integrated strategies, particularly the comprehensive adoption of all three strategies is needed to enhance income stability amid climate variability. 217p.

2025-02-01T00:00:00Z Abel Mesfin Girma Professor Abdi Khalil Edriss Dr Kedir Jemal Dr Alemu Lambamo http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8407 2026-05-20T06:40:41Z 2025-04-01T00:00:00Z

DETERMINANTS OF BANK AGRICULTURE CREDIT AND ITS EFFECT ON POVERTY, INCOME INEQUALITY, UNEMPLOYMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN ETHIOPIA Abel Mesfin Girma; Professor Abdi Khalil Edriss; Dr Kedir Jemal; Dr Alemu Lambamo Harshly, the problem of poverty and income inequality overwhelmed a tremendous portion of populations across developing countries like Ethiopia and remains one of the economic curses posing catastrophic consequences on society’s economic as well as social wellbeing. Hence, this study investigated the effects of extending bank agriculture credit on poverty level and income inequality in Ethiopia. The study used unbalanced panel data from 2000 to 2021 collected from 11 regional states in Ethiopia. Additionally, the study determined the effects of bank agriculture credit on unemployment and GDP per capita in Ethiopia using time series data from 1990 to 2021. Moreover, the study identified the main determinants of bank agriculture credit volume injected by commercial banks in Ethiopia using panel data from 2010 to 2021. While figuring out the relationship between bank agriculture credit and poverty level and income inequality; the study adopted Panel Corrected Standard Error (PCSE) basing its robust feature on effectively controlling spatial correlation, heteroscedasticity, and cross-sectional dependence in panel data setting. The time series analysis is conducted using the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL). Additionally, the Augmented mean group (AMG) model is adopted based on the panel data setting to figure out determinants of bank agriculture volume of commercial banks in Ethiopia. The result from mean difference test reveals that, from the total banks outstanding loan only 14% goes to agriculture while 61% and 25% is granted to service and industry sectors respectively. The regression result also reveals that bank agriculture credit has a significant and negative effect on poverty level, income inequality, and unemployment and has a positive and significant effect on GDP per capita in Ethiopia. Finally, bank-specific and macroeconomic factors such as deposit volume, return on assets, branch network, and economic growth positively and significantly determine the volume of bank agriculture credit provided by commercial banks while interest rate spread, climate change and inflation negatively and significantly determine the credit volume. Therefore, renovating the credit distribution aimed at directing the magnitude towards the agriculture sector is vital to flourishing the society’s economic well-being 221p.

2025-04-01T00:00:00Z