http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/42 2026-06-24T03:31:15Z 2026-06-24T03:31:15Z Balisa Yehaya Ahmed Prof. Kebede Woldetsadik Prof. Wassu Mohammed http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8494 2026-06-03T06:18:44Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

EFFECTS OF FARMYARD MANURE AND NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON GROWTH, YIELD COMPONENTS AND YIELD OF BEETROOT (Beta vulgaris L.) AT HARAMAYA,EAST ETHIOPIA Balisa Yehaya Ahmed; Prof. Kebede Woldetsadik; Prof. Wassu Mohammed Beetroot is one of the most widely grown root vegetables in eastern part of Ethiopia due to its economic importance besides nutritional value and health benefits. However, the productivity of the crop is low due to poor soil fertility and management. This research was conducted to assess the effect of farmyard manure and nitrogen fertilizer rates on growth, yield component and yield of beetroot at Haramaya from February to May, 2024. Detroit Dark Red variety was evaluated with the application of 4x4 rates of farmyard manure (0, 7.5, 15 and 22.5 ton ha-1 ) and nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 ) in factorial combinations in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The research results demonstrated that the main effects of FYM and N as well as their interaction had significant effects on plant height, leaf number, and leaf area. Plant height, leaf number, and leaf area, each at 35 DAP, 50 DAP, and at harvest were positively affected by the main effect of FYM and N. The root length, leaf and root dry matter were significantly influenced by the main effect of FYM and N; however, root diameter was responded only to FYM application. Similarly, leaf and root fresh weights, marketable and nonmarketable root yield were highly influenced by the main effect of FYM and N fertilizer along with their interaction, but total root yields was affected only by main effect of FYM and N fertilizers. The maximum marketable root yield (29.14 ton ha-1 ) was obtained with application of 22.5 ton ha-1 of FYM plus 100 kg ha-1 of N fertilizers. On the other hand, the highest total root yields of 29.68 and 29.32 ton ha-1 were obtained from individual application of 22.5 ton ha-1 of FYM and 150 kg ha-1 of N fertilizer, respectively. The partial budget analysis also revealed that the highest net benefit (698289.9 Birr ha-1 ) with acceptable marginal rate of return (787.29%) was obtained from the combined application of 22.5 ton ha-1 FYM and 100 kg ha-1 of N fertilizer. Therefore, it could be suggested that integrated application of the two fertilizers at rates of 22.5 ton ha-1 of FYM and 100 kg ha-1 of N fertilizer could be used to maximize yield of beetroot and optimize the net benefit to beetroot producers in the study area. 76p.

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Mustefa Mohammed Damana Prof.Wassu Mohammed Dr.Abrar Suale http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8358 2025-04-07T07:41:49Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

ASSESSMENTOFAGRONOMICPRACTICESANDQUALITYATTRIBUTESCOFFEE(CoffeaarabicaL.)INMELKABELODISTRICTOFEASTHARARGHE,OROMIA,ETHIOPIA. Mustefa Mohammed Damana; Prof.Wassu Mohammed; Dr.Abrar Suale DespiteEthiopia'srichgeneticdiversityandfavorableclimateforcoffeecultivation,theyieldandqualityofEthiopiancoffeearebelowexpectations,primarilyduetotherelianceontraditionalproductionandagronomicpracticesmethods.Hararghecoffeeimprovementbothforyieldandqualityisvitalforthesustainabilityofitsproductionandfetchespremium pricesinworldmarket,butlimitedinformationongeneticvariabilityandassociationofagronomicpracticesandbeanqualitytraitsofHararghecoffeecollections.Thisstudyaimed toidentifysuitableagronomicpracticestoenhancecoffeequalityattributesintheMelkaBeloDistrictandtoexaminetheimpactofthesepracticesoninherentcoffeequality.Theresearchinvolved Thirtyseven coffee collectionsevaluatedforqualityattributesfrom xii private’sfarmers’fieldsatMelkaBelodistrictin2023/24,andbeanqualitytraitsofcollectionsdeterminedincompleterandomizeddesignwiththreereplicationsatcoffeequalitylaboratoryofJimmaAgriculturalResearchCenter.Theanalysisofvariancerevealedthepresenceofsignificantdifferencesamongcoffeecollectionsforall37deferentagronomicpracticeandbeanqualitytraits.Significantvariationsinbothphysicalandcupcoffeequalitytraitswereobservedduetodifferentagronomicpractices(P≤0.05),withnotableinteractioneffectsbetweentreatments.Specificcoffeesamples(coded21from WayuBoko(85.00%),17and19fromTokumaJalala,(85.00%)and8from FiriKebso(84.00%)demonstratedsuperiorquality,particularlyinphysicalandcupqualityattributes.Thefindingsindicatedthatwell-managedagronomicpracticesresultedincoffeewithgoodbodyandattractiveflavor,whilemoderatemanagementyieldedintermediaryresults.Thequalityofcoffee decreased in a descending orderfrom bettertopooreragronomicmanagement,suggestingtheneedfortailoredpracticesunderspecificconditions.Thestudyconcludesthatsustainableproductionofhigh-qualitycoffeerequirescarefulmanagementofagronomic practices,suitablecoffeetypes,andsiteconditions.Italso recommends furtherresearchtoevaluateanddevelopappropriateagronomicpracticesfordifferentagro-ecologiesandcultivars,aswellastoexplorenichemarketopportunitiesforMalkaBeloandHararghecoffee 86p.

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Zara Gebi Dadi (PhD) Alok Kumar Prof. Wassu Mohammed http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8297 2025-03-10T06:45:32Z 2024-09-01T00:00:00Z

OPTIMIZATION OF STERILIZATION CHEMICALS AND GROWTH REGULATORS ON IN-VITRO SHOOTING AND ROOTING OF Aloe pubescens REYNOLDS Zara Gebi Dadi; (PhD) Alok Kumar; Prof. Wassu Mohammed Aloe pubescens Reynolds is one of the endemic endangered Aloe species in eastern highlands and lowlands of Ethiopia, and its propagation for conservation, medicinal, other industrial purposes is not well known. Thus, this research was carried out to optimize the concentrations and durations of chemicals for sterilization of explants, concentrations of NAA and BAP for, in-vitro propagation,and survival rates of regenerated plants on different media under glass house conditions. The sterilization of shoot tip and leaf segment as explants, three concentrations of bavistin (0.1, 0.2, 0.3%) for three time durations (20, 15, and 10 minutes) and three concentrations of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) for three-time durations (15, 10, and 5 minutes) in factorial combination. The inv-itro shoot regeneration consisted of 32 treatments in factorial combination viz. two explants in full-strength MS media enriched with four concentrations of NAA (0,0.25,0.5,1 mg L−1) and BAP (0,1,2,4 mg L−1). The rooting experiment was conducted with half-strength MS medium supplemented with three concentrations of IBA (0.5, 1 and 2 mgL−1) and NAA (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mgL−1) along with control. All the three experiments were conducted in Complete Randomized design with factorial arrangement and replicated trice at plant biotechnology laboratory of Haramaya University. The plantlets were first acclimatized in sterilized soil under the growth chamber followed by acclimatization glass house in a pots filled with sand +soil (1:1); sand + compost (1:1); and sand + soil + compost (1:1:1). The results of sterilization showed that percentages of dead, infected, survival and healthy disinfected explants were significantly influened by bavistin, HgCl2 interaction of these two factors and interaction of explants and bavistin. The interaction of the three factors (explants, bavistin and HgCl2) had significant effect on percentages of infected and healthy disinfected explants. All the parameters of shoot initiation and multiplication from direct in vitro propagation were significantly influenced by NAA and BAP and combination of the two hormones. No of dead and all survival explants were registered by sterilization with HgC12 at concentrations of 0.05% and 0.2% for 15 and 5 minutes, respectively, The highest dead (80%) and lowest survival (20%) explants were registered by sterilization with bavistin at concentration of 0.3% for 10 minutes in combination with HgC12 at concentration of 0.2% for 5 minutes. All the treatments except control and BAP alone at concentration of 4 mgL-1 result 100% and 91.67% shoot initiation. The combination of BAP at 1, 2 and 4 and NAA at 0.5 mgL-1 and BAP alone at 2 mgL-1 concentration produced significantly higher shoot per explants (3 to 4). The shortest days to rooting (18 days) was observed due to the half-strength MS medium enriched with control while the maximum days (24 days) was observed by application of IBA at 0.5 mgL-1 concentration. Total survival of microprpagted plantlets was observed during acclimatization at growth chamber and at glass house except 50% survival observed at pots filled with 1:1 ratio of compost and sand. Although shoot and root regenerations were successful it was concluded that it is vital to conduct further experiments to establish protocols for in vitro propagation of Aloe pubescens Reynoids by including more than two explants and PGR for invitro propagation 79p.

2024-09-01T00:00:00Z Abdinasir Said (PhD) Bezu, Tewodros http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/7936 2024-12-04T11:30:57Z 2024-06-01T00:00:00Z

EFFECTS OF STEM CUTTING NODE NUMBER AND ROOTING MEDIA ON GROWTH, SEED TUBER YIELD AND YIELD-RELATED TRAITS OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.) AT HARAMAYA, EASTERN ETHIOPIA Abdinasir Said; (PhD) Bezu, Tewodros Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important crop in Ethiopia for nutritional security and poverty alleviation. Shortage of disease-free and quality planting material led to a lower production of potatoes. In this regard, soil and tuber borne diseases free planting materials can be produced by stem cutting and it will be used an alternative seed multiplication method. However, this practice is not common and recommendations are lacking for stem-cutting node number and rooting media using stem-cutting techniques for potato seed production in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of stem cutting node number and rooting media on rooting performance, seedling growth, seed tuber yield, and yield-related traits at Haramaya, eastern Ethiopia, during the main cropping season of 2023. Three levels of cutting node number (one node, two nodes, and three nodes), and five types of rooting media [coco peat, sand (2 mm grain size), forest soil, coco peat + sand (1:1), and sand + forest soil (1:1)] in factorial combinations and laid in a completely randomized design (CRD), evaluated under a lath house. In a separate condition experiment, the rooted stem cuttings were transplanted in the field and studied for growth, tuber yield, and yield-related traits in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The rooting media significantly influenced all the parameters except root fresh weight and leaf width. The best root quality was obtained from cuttings rooted in a cocopeat+sand 1:1, and the highest survival rate (83%) was observed in cocopeat media. The best seedling growth was obtained from the cutting with three nodes, which recorded maximum number of leaves (509.5 per plant), number of branches (11.6 per plant), and plant height (86.2 cm). The cuttings rooted in forest soil produced the highest values in most of the growth and yield parameters. Using forest soil as rooting media produced the maximum leaf number per plant (549.2), number of branches per plant (12.3), plant height (91.3 cm), average tuber mass per plant (0.41kg), total tuber yield (33.4t ha-1), total seed tuber yield (32.5t ha-1), large tuber size number (50.9%) and yield (26.4 t ha-1). Thus, considering the overall performances, it is recommended to use the forest soil medium as rooting media of Bubu potato variety propagated from stem cutting to produce planting materials free from soil and tuber borne diseases in the study area. However, as this study was conducted in a single location and in a single season, it would be better to conduct an in-depth investigation under various macroclimatic and rooting media 88p.

2024-06-01T00:00:00Z