College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences
http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/1
2024-03-29T09:20:18ZEVALUATION OF BIOMASS YEILD, SEED YIELD, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AND COMPATIBILITY OF VETCH AND OATS VARIETIES MIXTURES
http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/7704
EVALUATION OF BIOMASS YEILD, SEED YIELD, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AND COMPATIBILITY OF VETCH AND OATS VARIETIES MIXTURES
Gemechis Lencho Yadeta; Negassi Ameha (PhD); Teklu Wegi (PhD)
Different species and varieties of forage vetch and oat were identified to successfully adapt and preform
in high lands of Bale. However, their oat-vetch mixture was not evaluated. The study was conducted to
evaluate the effect of variety on biomass yield, seed yield, forage quality, and biological compatibility of
oats and vetch grown in pure stand and mixtures. This experiment was conducted at Sinana Agricultural
Research Center, Bale zone, southern Ethiopia, during the Gana cropping season on the month of May
2023. A total of five treatments were developed for sole and mixed stands using two oat varieties and one
vetch variety. A trial was arranged in RCBD with five replications. The recorded data are morphological
parameters, biomass, seed yield, relative yield total, relative crowding coefficient and aggressivity index
were calculated for biological compatibility and yield advantages of oats and vetch and chemical
composition were recorded and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) following the GLM
procedures in SAS version 9.4. The highest dry matter yield (DMY) 18.6 t/ha was observed by the mixture
of Gebisa variety + oat Bonsa variety. Among the mixture treatments Gebisa variety + oat Bonsa variety
has the highest crude protein (CP) 12.9% and seed yield (2.9 t/ha) while pure stand Bona-bas variety was
the lowest crude protein (CP) 6.52% (1.28 t/ha) seed yield. Relative yield (RY) of oats and vetch varieties
were less than one indicating that the yield obtained in the pure stands were higher than those from the
mixed stands of the component species for both varieties. The RYT of most mixed stands were greater
than one indicating mixed stands to have superior yield advantage compared to the pure stand plots. The
highest RYT value of 1.32, from the mixture of Gebisa variety + oat Bonsa variety suggested a biological
yield advantage of 32% in mixed cropping compared to the pure stand plots. Generally, the result
indicated that Gebisa variety had higher CP and lower NDF than their respective mixtures and pure oats.
The dry matter yield (DMY), crude protein yield CPY and neutral detergent fiber yield (NDFY) of
mixtures of Gebisa variety + oat Bonsa variety mixtures were better than pure stands. The RYT values of
these mixtures were also greater than one. Based on the current result it is concluded that oat Bonsa
variety + Gebisa variety mixtures had relatively higher yield biomass, quality and better compatible.
Generally, in the present study on Oat-vetch mixture their is higher yield biomass, quality so, Animal
performance must be tested
78p.
2024-03-01T00:00:00ZWOODY SPECIES DIVERSITY AND CARBON STOCK POTENTIAL OF PARKLAND AND COFFEE-BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS, HABRO DISTRICT, EASTERN ETHIOPIA
http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/7703
WOODY SPECIES DIVERSITY AND CARBON STOCK POTENTIAL OF PARKLAND AND COFFEE-BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS, HABRO DISTRICT, EASTERN ETHIOPIA
YOSEF FANTAYE HAILE; Solomon Estifanos (MSc, Assist. Prof.); Samuel Feyissa (PhD, Assist. Prof.)
Agroforestry practice is well known in eastern Ethiopia and multifunctional working landscape
and can play in conserving and enhancing biodiversity and carbon sequestration. Despite some
studies related with plant species diversity, its contribution and carbon stock potential of
agroforestry. But the study on woody species diversity and carbon stock potential of coffee-based
and parkland agroforestry systems in a single document is not well studied. The study was
carried out to assess woody species composition, diversity, carbon stock and effect of species
diversity on carbon stock of parkland and coffee-based agroforestry system. The study was
conducted in Habro district eastern Ethiopia. Sixteen study plot representative of each
agroforestry system was selected randomly. Inventory of the woody species assessment were
employed in the 40×40 and 20m*20-meter plot for parkland and coffee-based agroforestry
systems and 5m*5m was laid down for coffee shrub and 1*1 meter for soil sample. For woody
species with ≥ 2.5cm DBH, and tree height were taken. soil samples were taken from the four
corners and center in two soil depth (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm). Basal area, stem density diameter
and height class distribution were computed to characterize structure of woody communities.
Species diversity, biomass and soil carbon stock were also determined. Biomass carbon was
estimated using allometric equations. A total of 57 woody species belonging to 31 families were
recorded. Of all species identified, 38 woody species were recorded in parkland and 43 woody
species were recorded in coffee-based agroforestry system. The study indicated that the woody
species Shannon and richness were higher at coffee-based than parkland agroforestry. The
biomass carbon of coffee-based agroforestry was considerably higher (33.94Mg C ha-1) than the
parkland agroforestry (10.28Mg C ha-1). Total C stock (biomass C + soil Carbon) range from
124.72 to 192.64 Mg C ha-1 with average value (158.68 Mg C ha-1), indicating that a major
portion of the total amount of C in the system is stored in the soil. However, relationship between
woody species diversity and carbon stock of both agroforestry system have almost positive
relation but not significant except Shannon diversity significantly positive relation with total
carbon stock in parkland agroforestry. Finally, the results provide an input for implication of the
future potential of agroforestry management in biodiversity conservation and climate change
adaptation and mitigation purpose of national program.
69
2024-02-01T00:00:00ZADOPTION OF IMPROVED MAIZE VARIETIES AND ITS IMPACTS ON HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY IN DARO LEBU DISTRICT OF WEST HARARGHE ZONE, ETHIOPIA
http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/7702
ADOPTION OF IMPROVED MAIZE VARIETIES AND ITS IMPACTS ON HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY IN DARO LEBU DISTRICT OF WEST HARARGHE ZONE, ETHIOPIA
Nimona Sime; Beyan Ahmed (PhD; Fresenbet Zeleke (PhD)
The farmers in developing nations should make important decisions to adopt agricultural technologies as a response to the reduction of food insecurity. Because the farmers in these nations face numerous obstacles while attempting to adopt new agricultural technologies, there is a need to investigate such challenges. This paper aims to analyze the adoption of improved maize varieties and its impacts on household food security in the Daro Lebu district of West Haraghe, Ethiopia. Primary data were collected 2023 during production year. Primary data were gathered using schedule interview. Two-stage sampling techniques were employed to draw representative samples. Based on this sample of 350 households of maize producers consisting of 177 non-adopters and 173 adopters were drawn and enumerated. The multinomial logit model was used to study adoption and a multinomial endogenous switching regression model was employed to evaluate the impacts of adoption on food security. The result of the Multinomial logit indicates that education, livestock holding, training, cooperative, and demonstration are the explanatory variables that affect adoption positively. However, age and distance from the market are the variables that affect the adoption of improved maize negatively. The finding of the multinomial endogenous switching regression model shows that the adoption of improved maize has an impact on household food security. The adoption of improved Melkassa-2, Melkassa-4, and both Melkassa-2 and Melkassa-4 have different impacts on household food security. If the household head decided to non-adopt each variety of Melkassa-2, Melkassa-4, or both Melkassa-2 and Melkassa-4, the household calorie intake and food consumption score were decreases by 267.3 kcal/AE/day, 324.4 kcal/AE/day and 403 kcal/AE/day, respectively and 5.6,7.6 and 12 food consumption score respectively. Generally, the study's findings imply that the impact of adopting improved maize varieties on food security varied depending on the varieties to be adopted. From this study, the households that used both (combined) Melkassa-2 and Melkassa-4 are more food-secure than those who adopted single improved maize varieties. The result suggests that to boost maize production and reduce food insecurity among rural households, concerned bodies should strengthen promoting the adoption of both Melkassa-2 and Melkassa-4 improved maize verities. Furthermore, factors like supporting farmers’ groups, formal schooling, provision of training, and prompt delivery of improved maize varieties to farmers must be taken into account.
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2024-03-01T00:00:00ZGENETIC VARIABILITY OF COMMON BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) GENOTYPES FOR MORPHO-AGRONOMIC TRAITS AND RESPONSE TO RHIZOBIUM INOCULATION AT HARAMAYA, EASTERN ETHIOPIA
http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/7698
GENETIC VARIABILITY OF COMMON BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) GENOTYPES FOR MORPHO-AGRONOMIC TRAITS AND RESPONSE TO RHIZOBIUM INOCULATION AT HARAMAYA, EASTERN ETHIOPIA
KENENISA GELGELO TUKU; Yonas Moges (PhD); Prof. Wassu Mohammed (PhD)
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important legume crops in the tropics
of Latin America, Asia, and Africa including Ethiopia as a cheap source of protein.
Information on the genetic variability and the interrelationship between yield and yield related traits are important for developing high-yielding crop varieties with valuable yield
attributes. The current study was carried out with two sets of experiments, i.e un-inoculated
and inoculated with one rhizobial strain, namely 429, to assess the genetic variability and
associations among yield-related traits, and their response to rhizobium inoculation in
selected common bean genotypes. Ninety genotypes were evaluated in 2021/2022 at Rare, the
research site of Haramaya University. A 9x10 alpha lattice design was used with two
replications and nine blocks were nested within a replication. Data were collected on yield
and other agronomic traits, and disease resistance. Analyses of variance, heritability, genetic
advance, phenotypic and genotypic correlations, path coefficient analysis, principal
component analysis, and genetic divergence were performed. Very highly significant (P ≤
0.001) differences were observed among genotypes for grain yield and other agronomic traits,
and disease reaction. Estimates of broad-sense heritability ranged from 39.92% for days to
emergence to 98.9% for plant height for un-inoculated experiment, and from 39.83% to
98.92% for the same traits for inoculated experiment. GAM ranged from 6.32% for days to
emergence to 95.0% for the number of nodules per plant for un-inoculated, and from 5.92% to
92.20% for inoculated plots for the same traits. Positive and significant (P ≤ 0.05) to highly
significant (P ≤ 0.001) phenotypic and genotypic correlations were observed between grain
yield and most of the agronomic traits in both experiments. However, of the nodule traits only
nodule fresh and dry weights showed positive and significant (P ≤ 0.05) genotypic
correlations with grain yield and with few agronomic traits in both experiments. Based on the
result of path analysis, the highest (1.826) and (2.332) direct and positive effect on grain yield
was exerted by the number of pods plant-1
at genotypic and phenotypic level, respectively, for
un-inoculated, and the highest (7.522) and (1.286) direct and positive effect on grain yield
was exerted by total number of seeds plant-1
at genotypic and phenotypic level, respectively,
for inoculated plots. The first three principal components with Eigenvalues>1 accounted for
76.94% of the total variations. The genetic distance of 4005 pairs of common bean genotypes
estimated using ED ranged from 0.94 to 9.72 with a mean of 4.64 ED and standard deviation
of 1.58. Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into six major clusters: I, II, III, IV, V, and VI
each with 17, 20, 24, 15, 5, and 9 numbers of genotypes, respectively. In general, the present
study showed the presence of considerable variability among common bean genotypes, and
identified common bean genotypes that had responded well for rhizobium inoculation that
should be further validated with more strains.
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2024-03-01T00:00:00Z