Agribusiness & Value Chain Management
http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/155
2024-03-29T13:01:04ZVALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum): THE CASE OF DEMBECHA DISTRICT, WEST GOJJAM ZONE, ETHIOPIA
http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/6022
VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum): THE CASE OF DEMBECHA DISTRICT, WEST GOJJAM ZONE, ETHIOPIA
Yonnas Addis; (PhD) Bosena Tegegn; (PhD) Mengestu Ketema
Wheat market in Dembecha district experienced in poor market linkage, disproportional
benefit share, and inadequate market supply and market alternatives. This study was aimed
to analyze value chain actors’ interaction and their role, wheat market structure-conduct
and performance, factors affecting market supply and market outlet choices of smallholder
wheat producers in Dembecha district of West Gojjam zone. The study used cross-sectional
data collected from a sample of 130 farm households selected through two-stage sampling
techniques. Additionally, thirty traders, two bakers, one processor, four cooperatives and
ten consumers were used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics and econometric models
were used to analyze the data. Result from functional and institutional approach of value
chain analysis showed that input providers, producers, cooperatives, collectors,
wholesalers, retailers, and processors were found to be important wheat value chain
actors. Market concentration ratio (CR4) at district level was found to be 39.78 percent
and there were observed barriers to entry into wheat market. These structural
characteristics indicate oligopolistic market structure of wheat market at District level.
Buying, selling, and pricing strategies, which are indicators of market conduct, showed
deviation of wheat market from competitive market norms. Analysis of marketing margins
indicated that from total gross marketing margin processors received the highest (39.72%)
marketing margin and retailers received the least marketing margins (4.85%) in wheat
value chain. Wheat market is also characterized by relatively good producers’ share when
they sale to consumers, collectors and wholesalers but they incurred high operating cost
which reduces their profit level. Even though, wheat market in the study area deviate from
competitive market norms as a result of oligopolistic market structure and conduct,
profitability analysis of wheat market showed all market actors operated at profitable
level. The results obtained from OLS regression analysis indicated that the quantity of
improved seed varieties used, quantity of wheat produced, educational level of the
household heads, lagged market price of wheat and frequency of extension contact ware
significantly affecting the market supply of wheat positively as expected. The multivariate
probit model results also revealed that the quantity of wheat sold, distance from nearest
market nearest market, sex of household head, ownership transport facilities, non/off farm
income, cooperative membership and bargaining power determine a market outlet choice
decision of wheat producers in the study area. Encouraging producers to use
recommended improved seed, strengthening provision of education and infrastructural
development, strengthening extension service and increasing farmer’s awareness on
different market outlet wheat produce to enhance producers benefit are recommended to
strengthen wheat value chain development.
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2018-06-01T00:00:00ZVALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF WHITE HARICOT BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): THE CASE OF GOROGUTU WOREDA, EAST HARARGHE ZONE, OROMIA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA
http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/5090
VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF WHITE HARICOT BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): THE CASE OF GOROGUTU WOREDA, EAST HARARGHE ZONE, OROMIA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA
Adem, Mohammed
Haricot bean contributes to the national economy as a source of food, export commodity, source
of income and employment. However, despite its importance for cash generating, the white haricot
bean value chain inefficiency and production are influenced by low productivity, erratic rainfall,
post-harvest loss and price fluctuations. This study is therefore instigated to identify the main
actors and their role in value chains, analyze the market performance and identify determinants of
white haricot bean production in the study area. This study used both primary and secondary data
sources. The primary data were generated from 155 white haricot bean producers’ households, 4
wholesalers, 11 local assemblers and 3 exporters. Five market channels were identified for white
haricot beans. It was estimated that 217.4 quintals of white haricot beans were supplied to the
market by sampled farmers. Wholesalers and local assemblers were the main receivers of white
haricot beans with percentage shares of 68.4% and 30%, respectively. The highest and lowest total
gross marketing margin (TGMM) were 41.9% and 2.7% respectively. Out of 14 variables included
in the regressed production function, seven variables were found to significantly affect the
regressand. Accordingly, sex of household, land size allocated, off-farm income, and household
size were found to influence production positively while credit utilization, age household, and plot
distance had shown negative influence. The policy implications of this study findings are to have
increase and diversify off-farm activities, credit provision is not only enough in white haricot bean
production thus credit providers should followup the purposes loan used for so as to control loan
diversion to unproductive purposes, improving the capacity of available production labor and
gender consideration would have great contribution in increasing haricot bean production in the
study area.
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2021-06-01T00:00:00ZBANK AGRICULTURE FINANCING AND ITS EFFECTS ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF ETHIOPIA
http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/4948
BANK AGRICULTURE FINANCING AND ITS EFFECTS ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF ETHIOPIA
Temsas, Zerihun; Zemedu, Lemma(PhD); Haji, Jemal (Prof)
There is a credit market failure in Ethiopia, as evidenced by constraints on banks giving
agricultural credit, unbalanced economic sector finance, and worse agricultural credit
performance. It is possible to look into the seriousness of these problems using a variety of
techniques. The analysis of macroeconomic and bank-specific variables that influence
agricultural credit and the performance of agricultural finance, as well as how agricultural
finance influenced Ethiopia's export performance with key trading partners and economic
development, were the objectives of the study. Secondary Time series data (1981 to 2021)
from the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Governance Indicators, and
National Bank of Ethiopia were collected and used to determine the factors that influence
agricultural credit provisions, performance of agricultural credits and the relationship
between agriculture credit and economic development of Ethiopia. In addition, panel data
from the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, World Governance Indicators,
National Bank of Ethiopia and World Commodities Trade data were gathered from 2000 to
2020 and used to analyze the effects of agriculture credit on Ethiopian export performances
with 17 major trading partners. The Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) approach is
used to determine the variables that affect agricultural credit, performances, and its impact
on economic development of the country. In addition, the study employed the two-step system
generalized moment method to analyze dynamic panel data between agricultural credit and
Ethiopian export performance with key trading partners (SGMM). The long-run agriculture
credit ARDL model results show that, GDP, number of bank branches, currency out of bank,
and trade openness all have significant positive effects on bank agriculture credit. Climate
change and foreign direct investment have a long-term negative impact on agricultural
credit. Furthermore, in the short run, agriculture credit lag, currency out of bank, number of
bank branches, foreign direct investment and trade openness all have significant positive
effects on bank agriculture credit disbursement. In addition, the significant adjustment
toward Equilibrium Error correction (ECT) confirms the existence of a long-run equilibrium
relationship among the variables included. From the agriculture credit nonperforming loan
model. Only five variables, Probability of Credit Default, Interest Rate Margin, and Number
xv
of Branch's, have significant positive effects on bank agriculture credit in the long run, while
Real GDP Growth and Institutional Quality have significant negative effects on agriculture
nonperforming loans. As expected, there is no significant relationship between bank
agriculture credit and agriculture non-performing loan. ECT's short run error correction
coefficient is also statistically significant. This demonstrates that the deviation of agricultural
credit nonperforming loans from equilibrium values is corrected the following year. Human
development index ARDL model result also revealed that agriculture credit, board money
supply, life expectancy, and trade openness all have positive long-run effects on HDI.
However, in the short run, money supply has a negative significant effect on economic
development, whereas life expectancy, saving deposits, and inflation have positive effects.
The presence of a significant ECT confirms the existence of a long-run equilibrium
relationship among the variables included in the mode. More importantly, the relationship
between bank agricultural credits and HDI is unidirectional or agriculture credit induce
economic development. Finally, the system generalized moment method (SGMM) was used to
capture the effect of agriculture credit on export value with major trading partner. The
results show that foreign direct investment, exporter country GDP, agriculture credit, and
lag of last year export value have a significant effect on current export value with major
trading partner. At end, the policy implication for this study is that adequate attention must
also be paid to improving agricultural credit and agriculture credit performance.
Stakeholders should develop policies that encourage agriculture finance rather than treating
it as a separate strategy from economic development; rather, it should be treated as an
integral component of the same strategy.
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2022-01-01T00:00:00ZPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF PEPPERMINT (Mentha piperita L.) LEAF OIL EXTRACT
http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/4807
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF PEPPERMINT (Mentha piperita L.) LEAF OIL EXTRACT
Assefa, Berhanu(MSc); Yusuf, Zekeria (PhD); Desta, Mulugeta (PhD)
The main purpose of this study was to propose and analyze a nonlinear mathematical model
for the transmission dynamics of cervical cancer due to human papillomavirus with
vaccination. The aim of this study is to investigate the dynamics of cervical cancer and
analyze a deterministic mathematical model for the spread of cervical cancer due to HPV
dynamics with vaccination. To conduct the study, a deterministic mathematical model system
of ordinary differential equation and numerical simulation were used. The total population (or
sample size) of this model is sub-divided in to five compartments, namely; Susceptible (S),
Vaccinated (V), Infected (I), permanently Recovered () and temporary Recovered (). Data of
the study was collected through document analysis of recorded data and used to estimate the
most influential parameters such as infection rate, vaccination rate and recovery rate. The
model is studied qualitatively using stability theory of differential equations and the basic
reproductive number that represents the epidemic indicator is obtained from the largest Eigen
value of the next-generation matrix. Both local and global asymptotic stability conditions for
disease-free and endemic equilibrium are determined. We used Maple 18 software in order to
check the effect of some parameters in the expansion as well as in the control of cervical
cancer dynamics. From the numerical simulation results we concluded that increasing the
recovery rate has a great contribution to eradicate cervical cancer infection in the community
and decreasing the contact rate can also have a great contribution to eliminate the cervical
cancer. Moreover, our numerical simulation results indicated that increasing vaccination rate
and decreasing contact rate is vital to eradicate the cervical cancer disease.
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2022-01-01T00:00:00Z