http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/167 2026-06-19T01:04:15Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8675 SCAVENGING AND SMALL-SCALE INTENSIVE CHICKEN PRODUCTION PRACTICES, EGG QUALITY ANALYSIS, AND MARKETING SYSTEM IN AND AROUND JIGJIGA CITY Osman Abdullahi Jama; Negassi Ameha (PhD); Meseret Girma (PhD) The study was conducted to assess and evaluate production practices, marketing systems, and egg quality traits of small-scale intensive and backyard chicken production in and around Jigjiga city. The study was thus composed of a survey and egg quality examination of local and exotic chickens reared under an intensive and scavenging production system. Hence, 160 households under the backyard system with four strata and 10 from the small-scale intensive system were involved in the survey. SAS and JMP pro version (9.4) were statistical software tools used to analyze the data and the chi-square test was used to analyze the categorical variables while ANOVA was used to analyze continuous variables. The results indicated that the majority of respondents in the study area were male in the 1 st and 4th strata and in all strata their ages fall between 41 and 50 while their educational attainment is predominantly low among respondents, with many being illiterate or having only primary education. In terms of chicken production practices the first strata represent 30% of households that still rely on traditional scavenging while 47.5%, 70%, and 72.5 respectively in 2nd, 3rd, and 4th strata shows semi-scavenging systems. The housing conditions and practices for chicken rearing across four strata, which significantly different across the strata (χ2-test= 4.740, P<0.05) based on the number of chickens kept by each household. Results show a significant difference in egg production per year/hen across the four strata, with the fourth strata producing the highest average of 54.90±1.02 eggs per hen per year, while the third strata produced the lowest, at 49.12 ±1.29 eggs per hen (p = 0.001). The correlation relationships between various external egg quality traits for exotic and indigenous chickens reveal distinct patterns. In exotic chickens egg weight is significantly correlated with shell weight (r = 0.4428, p < .0001) and egg width (r = 0.3063, p = .0057), indicating that heavier eggs tend to have heavier shells and greater width. On the other hand, for Indigenous chickens, egg weight shows very strong correlations with both egg length (r = 0.8735, p < .0001) and width (r = 0.5896, p < .0001), suggesting that heavier eggs tend to be longer and wider. Indigenous chickens showed significantly (P<0.05) lower mean values in egg weight (42.450±0.25) and shell weight (3.625±0.062) compared to exotic breeds, which exhibited 68 higher values (61.837a±0.23 for egg weight and 6.151±0.066 for shell weight), indicating breed effects as a key determinant in these traits. Exotic breeds showed a higher mean albumin height (5.665±0.154 mm) compared to Indigenous breeds (4.856±0.154 mm), with the breed (B) showing a significant effect (p=0.000), indicating that genetic factors influence albu min height. Production type (P) and interaction effects (B x P) were non-significant (p=0.255, p=0.708), suggesting that albumin height remains relatively stable across intensive and backyard systems within each breed. The study's holistic approach provides valuable guidance for policymakers and development practitioners seeking to strengthen the poultry industry. Promoting controlled breeding programs, improving disease management, and leveraging gendersensitive extension services crucial to develop the poultry industry in the study area. By addressing the multifaceted challenges facing chicken producers, this research paves the way for a more resilient and equitable poultry value chain in Jigjiga and beyond. 108p. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8322 ASSESSEMENT OF HUSBANDRY AND BREEDING PRACTICES OF NUER COMMUNITY FOR ABIGAR CATTLE IN LARE AND JIKAWO DISTRICTS, GAMBELLA REGION, ETHIOPIA Koang Gatbel Tut; Yosef Tadesse (PhD); Moges Dereje (PhD) The Study was conducted to assess cattle husbandry and breeding practices of Nuer Community for (Abigar) cattle in two districts of Gambella Ethiopia. Multi-stage purposive sampling techniques were employed to select the districts and kebeles of the study area. Random sampling was employed to select the households. Focus group discussion and structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 160 households. Data were analyzed using SAS version 9 and SPSS. The study result indicated that cattle production in the study area had significant role in socio economic condition of the farmers and being used as a source of income, prestige of household in the community, marriage and others. More than half of the respondents reported that Abigar cattle relatively have better level of tolerance or resistance to most of the existing stress as compared to the other cattle breeds in the region which ranges from 63.8% for heat tolerance to 71.2 % for withstanding feed shortage. From the observation of the research location the common breeding system was herd mating and natural controlled-breeding. The age at puberty for female Abigar cattle was found to be in the range of 34 to 40 months on average and the mean age at first calving was found to be 47.4 to 51.3 months. Average daily milk was to be 2.1± 0.2 liters. Natural mating was the dominant breeding method and animal were selected majorly based on their Physical appearances. According to elder and cattle owners of Lare and Jikawo, Nuer cattle population trend were in increasing (60.6%) trend. River/Baro was the water source of the cattle. Inaccessibility of veterinary services security, flood, cattle raiders, recurrent drought, rangeland degradation, illegal cattle marketing was among the identified threats for the decreasing trend of Abigar cattle in the study areas. The major animal production constraints were animal health problem water scarcity and seasonal feed shortage. From the data the prevalent disease in the study area are Trypanosomiasis, Anthrax, , CBPP, black leg. The major cause of feed scarcity was lack of awareness on feed conservation methods for dry season. Hence, this study concludes that, training and extension services on husbandry, breeding practices health care and feed conservation technologies should be undertaken by different stakeholders in study area. 99p. 2020-08-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8312 EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF WHEAT BRAN BOKASHI WITH CONCENTRATE MIXTURE ON GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF HARARGHE HIGHLAND AND SOMALI GOATS FED ON GRASS HAY BASAL DIET. NABEK TEBASSA GELETA; Dr.Sileshi Gadissa (PhD); Dr.Mengistu Urge (Professor) Roughage constitutes a major feed source for animals under the crop-livestock mixed farming system in Ethiopia; however, this feed is poor quality; hence, it is poorly digested. An effective microbe (EM) is considered an option for improving poor-quality feeds. This study was conducted at the Haramaya University Goat Farm with the aim of evaluating the effects of feeding effective microbe-treated wheat bran (WB Bokashi) to both the Hararghe Highland and Somali goat breeds on nutrient intake, digestibility, growth and slaughter performance, carcass yield and quality. A total of 40 (20 from each breed) yearling goats with an initial body weight of 18.1 ± 3.3 kg (mean ± SD) were purchased from local markets and used for a 90-day feeding trial. The experimental design was RCBD with a 2×4 factorial arrangement (2 genotypes × 4 WB Bokashi supplementation levels) in which the animals were blocked based on their initial body weight and randomly assigned to each dietary treatment. The bucks were grouped into five blocks and four treatment groups. Each block had four bucks from each breed based on their initial body weight (IBW), and bucks within a block were randomly assigned to one of the four treatment diets. The four dietary treatment groups were T1, T2, T3, and T4, in which WB Bokashi was fed to the animals at rates of 0%, 3%, 5%, and 7%, respectively. The concentrate mixtures formulated from wheat bran, noug seed cake and ruminant vitamin and mineral premixes were fed to the animals on a DM basis at a rate of 2.5% of their body weight. The pasture grass hay was provided ad libitum. The results of this study indicated that HH goats (762 gm/day) had better (p < 0.05) daily DMI than did Somali goats (664 gm/day). The mean daily dry matter intake of the goats was 713 g/day/head. The DM intake was greater (824.5 g/day) for the bucks fed the T4 diet than for those in the other treatment groups. In addition, the bucks fed the T4 diet had greater (p < 0.05) FCE (0.124), ADG (103.3 g/head/day), HCW and CCW (13.7 kg and 12.8 kg, respectively) than did the bucks fed the other dietary treatments. When both breeds were compared, HH goats were found to have greater (p < 0.05) FCE, ADG, rib eye area, fat thickness, and carcass weight than short-eared Somali goats. there was significant difference (p < 0.05) across the treatments in terms of the real dressing percentage. xvii This study also indicated that compared with short-eared Somali goats, Hararghe highland goats have significantly greater (p < 0.05) mean weights of edible offal parameters, such as blood, head, heart, empty gut, and total yields of edible products (TYEPs). However, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the two goat breeds in terms of the weights of the tongue, kidney, liver with gall bladder, gut fat, or total edible noncarcass fat. Furthermore, ADG was positively and strongly correlated with FCE, DM, and CP total intake. In conclusion, this study indicated that the maximum potential of both goat breeds is to achieve optimum growth performance and produce optimum carcass and meat yields when fed WB Bokashi at 7% supplemented with concentrate mixtures. Finally, based on this study, it can be concluded that 7% Wheat bran Bokashi supplementation was biologically and economically profitable for HH and Somali goats managed under both commercial and smallholder farmer management conditions. 88 2024-06-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8307 ASSESSMENT OF IMPROVED BEEKEEPING PRACTICES AND EFFECT OF NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION ON BROOD DEVELOPMENT AND HONEY YIELD IN HARAMAYA DISTRICT, EAST HARARGHE ZONE, ETHIOPIA BELETE FIKADU GEMEDA; Dr.Tibebu Manaye (PhD); Dr.Nagassi Ameha (PhD) The study was conducted to evaluate the performance of honeybee colonies kept in frame hives under farmers' management conditions and the effect of supplementary feeding on brood development and honey yield in Haramaya District, East Eararghe Zone, Ethiopia from (9-4- 2024 to 31-5- 2024). Both Questionnaire survey and experimental research methods were conducted. A total of 57 beekeepers were purposively selected and participated in the interview based on, who acquired bee colonies and framed beehives from Haramaya University, through different research programs and those who practice beekeeping using modern beehives. Structured and semi-structured questionnaires, key informant interviews, focal group discussions, and field observation were used for data collection. For the experimental research, 20 bee colonies were purposively selected to ensure uniformity in colony strength, and brood frames before the experiment and then assigned into 4 treatment groups using a complete randomized design (CRD), with five replicates each. The treatments included energy supplements, protein supplements, a combination of both (energy and protein), and an unfed (control) group. Feed was provided inside the hives. The sealed brood area was measured every 15 days during the experiment, and honey yield was harvested after feeding the experimental bee colonies. According to the respondents, the mean honey yield obtained from traditional and modern bee hives in the study areas was 4.74 and 18.11 kg/colony/year. The study also highlighted that beekeepers first ranked the wax moth as the main pest in the study areas, followed by ants, bee lice, beetles, spiders, lizards, birds, wasps, and honey badgers, respectively. On the other hand, lack of bee forage also ranked first by beekeepers as the main factor causing a decrease in bee colonies and honey yields, followed by pests/ predators, absconding, diseases, pesticides/herbicides, lack of improved beekeeping skills, and lack of credit, respectively. Over half of the beekeepers (63.2%) were fed their bee colonies, while smaller percentages (36.8%) did not. The experimental investigation study found significant differences (p=0.0001) in all measured parameters among the treatments. The result showed that energy-supplemented feed had the highest consumption rate of 95.5% per colony from the given feed, followed by a combination of energy and protein (93.4%) and protein (88.4%), respectively. The result also indicated that the highest mean sealed brood area (338.17 cm2 per colony) and honey yield (13.78 kg per colony) were observed in honeybee colonies fed with a combination of (energy and protein) supplement feed, followed by protein, and energy supplement feed, respectively. In comparison, the least amount of mean sealed brood area (113.76 cm2 per colony) and honey yield (4.16 kg per colony) were noticed in the control group (unfed). This research recommended that combining high energy with crude protein feed sources positively impacts on brood development and honey yield. 65 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z