http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/183 2026-04-20T12:22:44Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8303 COMPUTING RISK ANALYSIS OF UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN WITH PNEUMONIA: THE CASE OF GENERAL HOSPITALS IN EAST HARARGE ZONE, ETHIOPIA Mohammed Abdella Abrahim; Dr.Kasahun Takele (PhD); Million Wesenu (Asst. Prof) Pneumonia is the one of infectious cause of morbidity and mortality among children under age five years in low and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. The main objective of this study was to analysis survival time to death under-age five children with pneumonia in the presence of computing risk in East Hararge Zone General Hospitals. To meet the study objective the retrospective study design was used secondary data on 436 sampled under-age five children with pneumonia patients from January 1st, 2022 up to January 1st, 2023. Out of 436 patients, 35 (8.03%) died from pneumonia, 29 (6.65%) died from other causes, 292 (66.97%) recovered from pneumonia, and 80 (18.35%) were censored. The maximum relative difference observed for the covariate between the cause-specific hazard ratios and sub-distribution hazard ratios was 89%. The model comparison was done using the sub-bayesian information criteria to select the best model to fit the data. The cause-specific hazard frailty model was appropriate as compared to candidate models to fit the pneumonia patient’s dataset. There was an unobserved heterogeneity due to clustering (Hospitals) in the survival experience of patients in Eastern Hararghe of General Hospitals. The final results of the cause-specific hazard frailty model showed that sex, age group 12-23, age group 24-35, health insurance, season of diagnosis in summer, acute respiratory tract infection, patient referral status, micro-nutrient deficiency, and weight were significant risk factors associated with death due to pneumonia in thepresence of competing risk. The male patients, patients whose age categories were 12-23, 24-35 months, the season of diagnosis summer, and patients with ARTI had a significantly increased risk of death due to pneumonia patients. While, patients who use health insurance, patients referred from other health centers and weight had significantly decreased risk of death due to pneumonia patients. It is recommended that the hospital variation should be taken into account during intervention and awareness creation should give to the local community to increase the health insurance status which reduces the child mortality risk of pneumonia. 84 2024-06-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8273 DETERMINANTS OF TIME TO DEATH OF STROKE PATIENTS: USING SHARED FRAILTY MODELS KUMELA AYANSA TERESSA; Alebachew Abebe (Asst. Prof); Kassahun Takele (PhD) Stroke is a severe medical condition causing brain cell death, causing physical changes, communication problems, cognitive issues, emotional problems, and pain. Stroke, the second largest global death cause, is causing an increasing burden of mortality, morbidity, and disability. The main aim of this study was to analyze the factors influencing the time to death of stroke patients by using shared frailty models. The study was conducted in Harar City, at Harar General Hospital, Jegol Hospital and Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital. The study was utilized a retrospective study design and considered 224 sample stroke patients from 1 September 2020 to 1 November 2023. Among the total of 224 stroke patients 51(22.77%) experienced a death and the rest 173(77.23%) were censored. The estimated median time to death for stroke patients was 14 days, highlighting the acute nature of this condition. Through rigorous analysis, the Inverse Gaussian frailty model with the Weibull baseline hazard function emerged as the most suitable statistical model, accurately predicting the time to death of stroke patients and yielding the smallest AIC value. The study identified hypertension, cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, and basic complications as significant factors influencing time to death at a 5% significance level. Furthermore, clustering effect between hospitals appears to have a significant impact on the time it takes for stroke patients to die. This suggests that the presence of frailty (clustering) effects underscores the importance of considering hospital-level heterogeneity in understanding the time-to-death of stroke patients. In light of these findings, the recommendation of the study emphasizes the importance of better hospital management, investigating additional factors, and effectively managing conditions such as hypertension, cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, and basic complications to improve outcomes for stroke patients. 77 2024-06-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/7184 BAYESIAN SURVIVAL ANALYSIS OF TIME TO EARLY MARRIAGE AMONG YOUNG WOMEN IN KERSA DISTRICT, EAST HARARGHE Gemechu Asfaw Zewude; Habtamu Kiros (Asst. Prof); Kasahun Takele (PhD) Early married age women are children who are married below the age of 18 years. The main objective of this research study was to identify factors that influence the survival time of early marriage among young women in Kersa District, Eastern Hararghe by using the Bayesian survival model. The Bayesian analysis include prior information about the parameter of model that leads to more efficient and more flexible with all information about the parameters. The data for this study was secondary data that have taken from the Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) of early-married young women as events and other child girls that not married still their 18 years old and withdraw from the study Kersa district without married at age of their 18 years are censored. In this study the data has used was from the 2018-2021 years data. Out of 44,405 young girls in Kersa district, the women who married early were 1,618 and considered as censored were 42,787. The result of the study shows that early marriage was being practiced in Kersa district especially in a rural area of the district meaning the women who live in sem_urban are less affected by early marriage. Of the total early married women in rural were 1576, and in sem_urban were 42. A higher number or 1,145 early married are illiterate than the number of literate early married women. The Bayesian Survival Weibull proportional hazard model identified a women education, wealth index, residency and women occupation as a significant factor of early marriage. The campaign against early marriage should concentrate on the girls in the direction of education and economically empowering girls. 80 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/4696 FACTORS AFFECTING NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF UNDER FIVE CHILDREN IN HARAMAYA DISTRICT, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA Redi, Fuad(MSc); Egata, Gudina (PhD); Kedir, Adem (PhD) Malnutrition is a general term for a medical condition caused by an improper or insufficient diet. Under nutrition is prevalent around the world. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of under nutrition and factors affecting nutritional status among children aged 6-59 months in Haramaya, Eastern Ethiopia. The data were collected by using a well structured pretested questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements of the children were taken to assess the nutritional status of the children. Multivariate multiple linear regression models by taking the Z-score of the weight for age, height for age and weight for height of the children as dependent variables were used to assess the relationship between child nutritional status and the explanatory variables. The prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight were 36.07% [95% CI (0.314, 0.408)], 14.43% [95% CI (0.110, 0.179)] and 23.63% [95% CI (0.195, 0.278)] respectively. The significant factors which were related to the three indicators jointly were food security status of the household, child sex, diarrhea infection, child age, and the employment status of mother. Wealth status, additional food frequency per day, and the residence of household were significantly related to the z score of wasting and underweight, stunting and underweight, and wasting and stunting respectively. The current study showed that the prevalence of child undernutrition is highly prevalent in Haramaya district. A child from a food insecure household, a male child, diarrhea infected child, and a child from employed mother were significantly more likely to have less z score of underweight, stunting and wasting compared to their corresponding counterparts in the study area. A child from lowest living standard household was significantly lower z score of wasting and underweight; a child who was feeding less frequently per day was significantly lower mean z score of stunting and underweight in the study area. Community based nutrition program should be established; continuous nutrition supervision based on each nutritional status indicators and special attention to severely malnourished children is necessary to attempt the problem of malnutrition. 83 2015-10-01T00:00:00Z