http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/241 2026-04-20T12:43:36Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8368 PREVALENCE, CYST VIABILITY, AND ORGAN DISTRIBUTION OF BOVINE CYSTICERCOSIS, AND TAENIA SAGINATA IN HUMANS AT HARAMAYA AND HARAR MUNICIPAL ABATTOIRS, EASTERN HARARGHE, ETHIOPIA Dereje Solomon; Dr. Shimelis Mengistu; Dr. Pawlos Wasihun Across-sectional study design was used from March 2023 to August 2024 at Harar and Haramaya to investigate the prevalence, cyst viability, and organ distribution of bovine cysticercosis in beef cattle, and a Retrospective study design was used to estimate the occurrence of Taeniosis in the human population in the study area. Simple random sampling where employed for the collection of data. The study was performed based on abattoir sample collection, Questionnaire survey and Retrospective data. Postmortem inspection of carcasses and organs of slaughtered cattle in Harar and Haramaya Municipal Abattoirs, cyst viability tests, and interviews with randomly selected meat consumers were undertaken. The post-mortem inspection showed that of the 324 cattle slaughtered for human consumption and examined for the presence of cysticerci of T. saginata, 7(8.85%) at Harar city and 24(9.8%) at Haramaya town harbored at least one cyst in the muscles or organs inspected. The collected samples were analyzed by using SPSS version 25. Of the edible anatomical sites with cysticerci, heart 18(5.6%), tongue 4(1.2%), lung 3(0.9%), liver 3(0.9%), masseters muscle 2(0.6%), and Kidney 1(0.1%) of relative prevalence, total cyst count and cyst viability. These edible sites are preferred above others by local people for the preparation and consumption of raw or inadequately cooked meat dishes that are locally served as kurt, kitfo, and dullet. The interviews revealed that among the 100 study participants, Harar city had the highest awareness about T. saginata 46 (92%) than Haramaya town 40 (80%), eating habit of raw meat or under cooked meat had highest in Haramaya town 48 (96%) than Harar city 41 (82%), and infection with proglottids of T. saginata was higher in Haramaya town than Harar. From infested respondent, more than 85% observed T. saginata proglottids in their stool, and the rest observed proglottids on their underwear. This indicated that existing meat inspection processes were inadequate to prevent carcasses infected with T. saginata cysticerci from reaching consumers. The three-year retrospective data indicated that out of the examined stool of 9940 and 13,353 people, 18 and 61 had T. saginata from Haramaya and Haramaya University Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, respectively. Both the active abattoir and the questionnaire survey concluded that bovine cysticercosis caused by C. bovis/T. saginata is a major disease in livestock and humans. The promotion of policies to upgrade existing meat inspection procedures and public education to ensure effective prevention.of T. saginata taeniosis in humans was recommended. Keyword: Bovine cysticercosis, Cyst viability, Haramaya, Harar, Organ distribution, Prevalence, Retrospective. 54p. 2024-09-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8286 ASSESSMENT OF BEEF HANDLING PRACTICES AND ITS Salmonella CONTAMINATION ALONG THE BEEF SUPPLY LINE IN MAYA CITY, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA Merga Habtamu Hunde; Prof. Adem Hiko (PhD); Dr. Dinaol Belina (PhD. Candidate); Mr. Jelalu Kemal (MSc. Asst. Prof.) The current cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2024 to September 2024 to assess beef handling practices and its Salmonella contamination along the beef supply line in Maya City. Two hundred and fifty samples, comprising feces, carcass swabs, and environmental swabs, underwent analysis using standard methods to ascertain the prevalence of Salmonella. In addition, a carefully designed survey was conducted among a sample of 100 participants to collect socio-demographic information and to identify possible risk factors linked to Salmonella contamination in beef. Out of 100 respondents, 20 abattoir workers, 30 butchery workers, and 50 beef consumers participated in the study. The prevalence of Salmonella in various sample sources was 16.8% (n=42/250). Among these, feces accounted for 14% (n=12/85), carcass swabs for 5% (n=2/42), retail beef for 33.33% (n=15/45), and environmental swabs for 16.25% (n=13/80). The Salmonella strains that were susceptible to azithromycin, cephalothin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftriaxone showed susceptibility rates of 97.6%, 90.5%, 88.1%, and 85.7%, respectively. On the other hand, the strains displayed resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, cephalosporin, and amoxicillin at rates of 92.85%, 85.7%, 83.33%, and 78.57%, respectively, with intermediate susceptibility to chloramphenicol at 80.95%. Out of the 42 Salmonella isolates, 45.23% showed resistance, with 23.8% being resistant to two drug classes and 21.43% resistant to three drug classes, indicating their categorization as multi-drug-resistant. A striking 90% of abattoir workers were unaware of the potential public health risk posed by contaminated carcasses. In addition, all the workers in the slaughterhouses and butcher shops did not receive any job-related training or medical checkups. Approximately 70% of individuals showed a preference for consuming uncooked beef, whereas about 74% were unaware of the potential risk of Salmonella transmission from consuming contaminated beef. In summary, this research revealed that Salmonella contamination in beef primarily occurred within the beef supply chain and at butcher shops. A portion of these Salmonella strains exhibited resistance to the tested antimicrobials. Therefore, considering the aforementioned findings, it is advisable to conduct regular health monitoring for abattoir employees and uphold stringent hygiene protocols in abattoirs associated with the beef manufacturing chain. 92 2024-09-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8248 DETECTION AND DETERMINATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESIDUE IN RAW COW MILK IN MAYA CITY, EASTERN ETHIOPIA Gemechis Banti; Dr. Shimelis Mengistu; Dr. Mohammed Jafer Antimicrobials are among the most widely used drugs in dairy animals for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. Antimicrobials are commonly used in dairy animals for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, but their residues in raw milk pose a serious public health risk. This study aimed to detect antimicrobial residues and determine oxytetracycline residues level in raw cow milk from Maya City between October 2023 and June 2023. A total of 400 raw milk samples were collected from three sub-cities, and a survey assessed lactating cow owners' knowledge of veterinary antimicrobial use, antimicrobial residues and their potential health impacts. The samples were screened for antimicrobial residues using the Delvotest SP assay and then analyzed with HPLC-UV to quantify oxytetracycline levels. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Of the analyzed samples for antimicrobial residues, 23.3% had detectable antimicrobial residues. In the sub-cities of Haramaya, Adele, and Awadeye, 28.0%, 18.3%, and 22.2% of milk samples contained residues, respectively. The overall mean level of oxytetracycline was 81.8μg/l, with the levels of 79.4μg/l in Haramaya, 94.3μg/l in Adele, and 76.7μg/l in Awadeye. In Maya City, oxytetracycline levels ranged from 0.55 to 184.68μg/l. About 8.5% of raw milk samples exceeded the maximum residue limit, specifically 9.33% from Haramaya, 7.83% from Adele, and 8.2% from Awadeye. The results showed that antimicrobials, especially oxytetracycline, were used irresponsibly in the study areas, posing a risk of harmful residues to consumers. Regulatory authorities must raise awareness and enforce strict regulations on antimicrobial use in the livestock 90p. 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8101 ISOLATION AND ANTI MICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE OF SALMONELLA IN RAW GOAT MEAT AND ASSESSMENT OF HYGIENIC PRACTICE AT BUTCHER SHOP AND ABATTOIR IN HARAR CITY, EASTERN ETHIOPIA JUNDI MOHAMMED; Mohammed Jafer (DVM, MSc, Asst. Prof); Abdellahi Abduraman (MSc, Asst. Prof) Salmonella is one of the most comman foodborne pathogens and a serious problem with an increasing spread of antibiotic-resistant strains. To address these significant issues cross sectional study was conducted from January 2023 to June 2024 on apparently healthy slaughtered goats at the municipal abattoir of Harar City. This study was conducted to isolate Salmonella, evaluate its antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and assess hygienic practices in slaughterhouses and butcher shops. A total of 224 swab samples were collected from abattoir and butcher shops. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO,6579 2007) recommended techniques were employed for the isolation of Salmonella. Isolates were subjected to 11 antimicrobial by using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method for antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Hygiene and sanitation data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire and observational checklist. The collected data were analyzed using STATA version 15 software. Out of the total examined sample, 14.3%, were positive for Salmonella, of which 9.8% from a butcher shop and 4.5% were from the abattoir. There is a statistically significant difference in the isolation of Salmonella between abattoir and butchershop (p<0.05). The two-way frequency table of association showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the educational status of goat meat handlers with their respond on awareness about zoonosis, wearing protective cloth when handling meat, and manner of hand washing. The isolates were 100% resistant to Tetracycline, Amoxicillin and Ampicillin. On the other hand, isolates were 100% susceptible Norfloxacilin, Ciprofloxacilline, Gentamycin, and Kanamycin. Out of the total isolates, 90.65% developed multidrug resistance, with 37.5%, 43.75%, and 9.4% showed resistance for three, four, and five antimicrobail classes, respectively. The slaughterhouses and butcher shop did not adhere to required sanitation and hygienic conditions and multiple antimicrobial-resistant profiles of Salmonella isolates which implies the health risk of raw and undercooked meat consumption. Therefore, training about meat hygiene, aware the public not to consume raw meat, and regulatory control of antibiotic usage were recomanded. 83 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z