http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/249 2026-05-26T02:14:48Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8463 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF HARGAYA SMALL-SCALE IRRIGATION SCHEME, EAST HARARGHE, ETHIOPIA Ilmi Jemal Ahmed; Meseret_Dawit (PhD) The study was carried out to evaluate the performance of Hargaya irrigation scheme in the Meyu Muluke district of the East Hararghe zone, Oromia regional state. Performance of the irrigation scheme was evaluated using internal and external performance indicators, farmer’s perceptions of the scheme, institutional setup, and support services to suggest possible remedial measures for enhancing the scheme’s efficiency. The primary data was collected through the interview, questionnaire, group discussion, field observation and field test while secondary data was collected from NMI, Zone, and district agricultural offices, design documents, and literature. Internal performance indicators selected for the study were conveyance efficiency, application efficiency, storage efficiency, deep percolation ratio, distribution uniformity, and overall scheme efficiency. External indicators, including agricultural output, water supply, water delivery capacity, and physical performance indicators, have been used in the study. The results indicated that conveyance efficiency, application efficiency, storage efficiency, deep percolation ratio, distribution uniformity, and overall scheme efficiency were 43.28%, 49.03%, 83.41%, 50.97%, 61.43%, and 21.22%, respectively. The results of output per unit irrigated area, production per unit command area, output per unit irrigation supply, and output per unit water consumed were 5312.95US$/ha, 2817.03 US$/ha, 0.4 US$/m3 and 1.37 US$/m 3 respectively. Physical performance indicators; IR, SIA, and effectiveness of infrastructures were found to be 0.51, 0.52, and 0.615, respectively. The results of WDP, RWS, and RIS were 3.2, 4.0, and 5.3, respectively. According to HH survey, WUAs organizational and legal enforcement bylaws at the scheme were not effective. Based on the result of the study, to improve performance of Hargaya irrigation scheme; rehabilitation of left main canal, reduce water diverted to the scheme, lining of main canal, mobilizing community participation in operation and maintenance, and application of WUA proclamation can enhance performance of the scheme. 114p. 2024-06-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8462 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF HARGAYA SMALL-SCALE IRRIGATION SCHEME, EAST HARARGHE, ETHIOPIA Ilmi Jemal Ahmed; Meseret_Dawit (PhD)_; Nura Boru (Assis.Prof.) The study was carried out to evaluate the performance of Hargaya irrigation scheme in the Meyu Muluke district of the East Hararghe zone, Oromia regional state. Performance of the irrigation scheme was evaluated using internal and external performance indicators, farmer’s perceptions of the scheme, institutional setup, and support services to suggest possible remedial measures for enhancing the scheme’s efficiency. The primary data was collected through the interview, questionnaire, group discussion, field observation and field test while secondary data was collected from NMI, Zone, and district agricultural offices, design documents, and literature. Internal performance indicators selected for the study were conveyance efficiency, application efficiency, storage efficiency, deep percolation ratio, distribution uniformity, and overall scheme efficiency. External indicators, including agricultural output, water supply, water delivery capacity, and physical performance indicators, have been used in the study. The results indicated that conveyance efficiency, application efficiency, storage efficiency, deep percolation ratio, distribution uniformity, and overall scheme efficiency were 43.28%, 49.03%, 83.41%, 50.97%, 61.43%, and 21.22%, respectively. The results of output per unit irrigated area, production per unit command area, output per unit irrigation supply, and output per unit water consumed were 5312.95US$/ha, 2817.03 US$/ha, 0.4 US$/m3 and 1.37 US$/m 3 respectively. Physical performance indicators; IR, SIA, and effectiveness of infrastructures were found to be 0.51, 0.52, and 0.615, respectively. The results of WDP, RWS, and RIS were 3.2, 4.0, and 5.3, respectively. According to HH survey, WUAs organizational and legal enforcement bylaws at the scheme were not effective. Based on the result of the study, to improve performance of Hargaya irrigation scheme; rehabilitation of left main canal, reduce water diverted to the scheme, lining of main canal, mobilizing community participation in operation and maintenance, and application of WUA proclamation can enhance performance of the scheme 114p. 2024-06-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8310 EFFECT OF DRIP LATERAL SPACING ON WATER PRODUCTIVITY AND ONION YIELD (ALLIUM CEPA L.) AT RARE, HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY, EAST HARARGHE ZONE, ETHIOPIA MUSTAFA KEDIR HAJI; Dr.Degnent sultan (PhD) Drip irrigation or trickle irrigation is a type of micro-irrigation system that has the potential to save water and nutrients by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either from above the soil surface or buried below the surface. Field experiment was conducted at Haramaya University to evaluate Effect of Drip lateral spacing on Water Productivity and Onion yield (Allium cepa L.) at rare, Haramaya University, East Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia the experiment was laid out in completely randomized block plot design. After the installation of drip irrigation system, the hydraulic characteristics of the drippers that were determined include emitter flow rate, emitter flow variation, and uniformity coefficient, coefficient of variation and emission uniformity. Water application uniformity test of irrigation system was determined for drip lateral spacing in every row and lateral spacing between two rows at the beginning and end of the experiment. Drip irrigation spacing (100cm, 50cm, 30cm, 25 and 20cm) the lateral spacing were arranged with four blocks. The highest seasonal water requirement of onion was 426.9 mm at 100% ETc under every drip irrigation spacing. The analysis of variance revealed that there was significant (p<0.05) difference in yield among treatments and the highest yield (37.26t/ha) was obtained from drip irrigation of lateral spacing with 20cm of ETc application and while the lowest (29.61 t/ha) was obtained from plots treated 100cm treatment. The highest (4.14kg/m3) and the lowest (1.54kg/m3) water productivity were recorded from the plots treated with drip irrigation at 100cm and drip irrigation at 20cm treatments, respectively. In terms of water productivity and natural resource scarcity, irrigating with drip irrigation system with 30cm spacing can be recommended for production of onion production. 94 2024-03-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8191 COMPARISON OF SOIL MOISTURE SIMULATION TECHNIQUES IN EERER SUB-BASIN, WABI-SHEBELE RIVER BASIN, ETHIOPIA Ayela Tade Ararsa; ( Assis Prof ) Negash Tessema Soil Moisture is a key component of the hydrological cycle and plays a crucial role in agricul- tural productivity, water resources management, and ecosystem health. The present study aims to simulate soil moisture using a SWAT semi-distributed hydrological model and Landsat 8 satellite images with a Thermal Optical Trapezoid Model (TOTRAM) in the Eerer Sub-basin, Wabi Shebele River Basin, Ethiopia. The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to ex- amine the components of its water balance in both space and time. The parameters of Curve Number, Alpha base flow, groundwater delay, return flow threshold depth, and soil evaporation composition factor were shown to be sensitive for stream flow modeling based on the Global Sensitivity Analyses.Calibration and validation of SWAT using stream flow data to enable the water balance components such as soil moisture. Temporally the amount of rain fall in 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 were 824.80mm, 781.65mm, 766.77mm, 464.71mm, 614.72mm, 864.55mm, 917.91mm, 834.05mm and 521.17mm which respons 116.23mm, 93.73mm, 72.04mm, 64.50mm, 74.12mm, 102.14mm, 124.37mm, 105.98mm,and 67.23mm soil moisture respectively. Spatially the highest soil moisture was observed in Eastern, Northwestern and the lowest soil moisture was observed in Northern and Southern part of the watershed. This study intended to apply the optical and thermal remote sensing data for esti- mating soil moisture in the Eerer sub-basin. Monthly simulation of stream flow modeling during the calibration with the SUFI2 algorithm provides a good result with a Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of 0.8 and R2 of 0.82. Besides stream flow data the SWAT model soil moisture product was validated by in situ soil moisture content performs well having NSE (0.56), R2 (0.80), RMSE (0.23), and PBIAS (-0.63). TOTRAM-based soil moisture estimates provide an overall perfor- mance of NSE, R2, RMSE, and PBIAS values of 0.64, 0.79, 0.039, and 22.52 respectively. The result indicates that validation of SWAT and TOTRAM models with in situ soil moisture data leads to acceptable accuracy with 0.031 cm3 cm-3, and 0.022 cm3 cm-3 standard errors respec- tively. The overall result indicates that the Landsat 8 image has a higher potential to simulate soil moisture comparable with Theta Prope 114p. 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z