http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/86 2026-05-02T14:29:41Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8390 URBAN SPRAWL AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE PERIPHERAL FARMING HOUSEHOLDS: THE CASE OF DURAME TOWN, KEMBATA TEMBARO ZONE, SNNPR STATE, ETHIOPIA Mesele Cherinet Dalelo; (PhD) Abenezer Wakuma; (Assis, Prof) Elias Cherenet Urban sprawl is a universal phenomenon taking place all around the world,that involve both vertical and horizontal expanding in urban areas. In Ethiopia, although its level was the lowest even among other under developed nations, its rate, however,was the highest and made a country one of twenty-three countries experiencing fast urbanization in the World. As a matter of this fact, Durame town is one the urban settings experiencing unprecedented rate of urbanization through sprawl. Hence, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the urban sprawl and its effects on the peripheral farming households: the case of Durame town, Kembata Tembaro Zone, Southern Nation Nationalities and Peoples Regional State, Ethiopia. To achieve the objective of this study, image of Land-sat 5 TM for (1991,2001,2011,2021) and Land Sat 8 OLI as main input and processed using ERDAS IMAGINE, for the accuracy of classified and land use land cover(LULC) maps of a confusion matrix was used to drive the change of detection analysis results show that from 1991-2021,due to the urban sprawl. This study was conducted by using descriptive research design with a mixed method research approach. Both primary and secondary sources of data were used. Also Both Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from survey households were analayzed in the form of frequency and percentage by using SPSS, the sample size was selected by Simple random sampling techniques that of, 293 out of 1091 total population with considering the level of acceptable margins of error at (5%) and (95%) confidence interval. Statistically, dependent variable was affected by a change in the independent variables. Binary logistic regression model was useful where the dependent variable was dichotomous. Consequently,the compensation was not mostly wisely managed by the society as well by the town and stakeholders institutions. Generally,the finding of this study indicates that,LULC change of detection from 1991-2021, the built-up land areas were increased by 9% in 1991, 11% in 2001,16% in 2011 and 33% in 2021 respectively. Therefore,this study was concluded that, there were policy and strategy gaps of expropriating, urban sprawl and compensation should be revised both in kind and amount involving rehabilitation support for affected households in ground implementation and further skill oriented training for new livelihood strategies, government should have revised the land use policy that could gave as a decision making for urban land use planning. 113p. 2024-06-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8362 PREVALENCE OF UNDERNUTRITION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG CHILDREN AGED 6 TO 24 MONTHS OLD IN HARAMAYA HEALTH AND DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEILLANCE SITE, HARAMAYA DISTRICT, OROMIA REGION, EASTERN ETHIOPIA Tofik Sirach; (PhD) Kedir Teji; (Asso Prof )Tara Wilfong Undernutrition is a form of malnutrition in which the body does not obtain adequate protein and energy as well as insufficient intake of vitamins and minerals. The major forms include, wasting, stunting, and underweight. In the current study area, no previous research has been performed on the prevalence of undernutrition children aged 6 to 24 months. Therefore, this study examined the prevalence of undernutrition in children aged 6 to 24 months and associated factors in Eastern Ethiopia, Haramaya District. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Haramaya HDSS involving 384 randomly selected mother-child dyads. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a pre-piloted structured questionnaire through Kobo Toolbox. The collected data was exported to SPSS v.27 for statistical analysis. Binary logistic regression was utilized to determine the candidate variables for multivariate analysis model. Covariates with a p-value less than 0.25 in the binary analysis were included in the multivariate analysis. The adjusted odds ratio, along with a 95% confidence interval, was used to indicate the strength of the association The prevalence of wasting, stunting, and underweight was 21.5% (95% C.I: 17.6, 25.9), 46.9% (95% C.I: 42, 52), and 35.5% (95% C.I: 30.9, 40.5.), respectively. Being born to an illiterate mother, [AOR=3.13; (95%CI: 1.52, 6.44)] and having low birth weight (LBW) [AOR=4.69; (95%CI: 2.48, 8.86)] were significantly associated with wasting. Similarly, underweight exhibited significant associations with having an illiterate mother [AOR = 2.25; (95%CI: 1.274, 3.973)], born as LBW [AOR=2.541; (95%CI: 1.487, 4.34)]. Concerning stunting, being a boy [AOR=0.522; (95% CI: 0.274, 0.993)] and low household dietary diversity [AOR=2.888; (95% CI: 1.26, 6.63)] were showed significant associations.Conclusion: The study found a high prevalence of undernutrition across all three indicators, highlighting the need for action by stakeholders, including nutrition professionals and public health officials. Maternal education and infant birth weight were identified as common factors contributing to both acute (wasting) and chronic (underweight) undernutrition. This emphasizes the importance of prioritizing and improving maternal education through targeted approaches. 72p. 2024-04-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8361 IMPACTS OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON SWEET POTATO PRODUCTION AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN BABILE DISTRICT, EAST HARARGHE ZONE, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA Tesfaye Kebite Hebiba; (PhD) Kassaye Hussein; (PhD) Admasu Bogale This study was conducted to assess climate variability and its impacts on sweet potato production in Babile district. To achieve the objective, primary data was obtained using questionnaire by digital (kobotoolbox), focus group discussion and key informant interviews whereas secondary data were acquired from different published and unpublished documents from various offices of the district. The study also used rainfall and temperature data (2001 – 2022), to asses the impacts of the climate variability on sweet potato production, short-term data (2016-2021) of important stable crop sweet potato in the district office. Out of 2970 household heads founds in the selected three rural kebeles, 350 household heads was randomly selected. Survey data was analyzed through descriptive statistics using the STAT and Microsoft office exel whereas precipitation concentration index, coefficient of variation, MannKendall trend test were calculated using XLSTAT to characterize climate variability, while a correlation was utilized to analyze impacts of climate variability on sweet potato production. Climate data analysis revealed moderate variability for annual rainfall (CV=22%) and high variability for all seasonal rainfall (bega CV=79%, belg CV=31%, kiremt CV=23%). Annual, belg and bega seasonal rainfall showed decrease of -0.11mm, - 0.1mm and -0.1mm respectively over the past 22 years in the study period. On the other hand, the trend of annual maximum, minimum and mean temperature showed upward trends by factors of 0.33, 0.1 and 0.2 0C respectively over the past 22 years. This shows that impact climate variability substantially affects sweet potato production in the area. Mannkendal trend test results revealed that decreasing rainfall and increasing temperature. The outcomes of adaptation strategies were includes crop diversification, fast maturity plant varieties, Soil and Water Conservation techniques, cultivating under other plants and irrigation. 94p. 2024-02-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8360 CHARACTERIZATION OF DROUGHT AND ITS IMPACT ON FARMERS LIVELIHOOD IN THE CASE OF HARAMAYA WOREDA, EAST HARARGHE ZONE, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA Shukri Mohammed Abde; (PhD) Sitotaw Haile; (PhD) Solomon Asfaw Drought is one of the most complex naturally occurring disasters that results in serious human life, environmental, social and economic costs around the world. Particularly, agricultural drought in developing countries like Ethiopia is very disastrous causing population displacement, food shortage, loss of life and reduction of agricultural output.. This drought causes serious economic, social, food security and environmental problems. The overall objective of this study was to investigate characterization of drought and its impact on farmers livelihood in Haramaya Woreda. To address this objective mixed method research approach using explanatory sequential research design selected. Relevant data were collected from 355 households sampled from purposely selected three kebeles of Haramaya Woreda. The sample households were selected by using systematic sampling method. Both primary and secondary sources of data were employed. Both satellite remote sensing data and socioeconomic data was utilized in this research. In addition, key informant interviews, questionnaires, field observation and focus group discussions were employed to identify drought early warning practices and drought coping strategies of households. Secondary data were collected from relevant agencies, websites, published journals, magazines, articles and government office report documents as well as reports for the respective study areas. Seasonal and annual rainfall data of 1991 to 2020 was collected from National Meteorological Service Agency (NMSA) of Ethiopia. While, the Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were applied to characterize the agricultural drought conditions in Haramaya Woreda from 1991 to 2020. Accordingly, the study areas are more vulnerable to agricultural drought Hence, during the specified years it can be concluded that the majority of the study area were hit by agricultural drought. Severe and extreme drought event in the study area is commenced nearly once in three years while, the frequency of drought occurrence was five times in the study areas. The drought severity index results indicated the occurrence of agricultural drought, although the spatial coverage of extreme dry conditions. In 2006, 2007 and 2013 experienced moderate drought conditions, whereas severe drought affected 36% of the region. The normalized difference vegetation index results indicated the presence of extremely wet and severely wet conditions. According to the result year 1991 and 2020 were considered as drought year in which minimum NDVI was observed and rainfall was registered. While, in year 2013 and 2020 maximum rainfall and NDVI was observed and considered as wet year. Therefore, the study recommends policies aimed at promoting coping strategies for agricultural drought, need to emphasize the significant role of providing assistance and valid information on time will enhance the resilience of farmers at the individual and community level. 96p. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z