http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/90 2026-05-02T15:24:33Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8387 THE LIFE AND CAREER OF SHEIKH AHMED WATAR Hanan Abdi Yuya; (PhD) TemamHaji Adem; (PhD) Reta Duguma The study of Islamic scholars plays a vital role in understanding the intellectual and spiritual heritage of Muslim communities. This research focuses on the life and career of Sheikh Ahmed Watar, a prominent Islamic scholar, educator, and Mufti from Eastern Hararge, Ethiopia. Despite his immense influence almost over six decades, his life and works have not been thoroughly documented in structured, scholarly research. This study argues that Sheikh Ahmed Watar’s contributions to Islamic education and scholarship are not only significant but also deserving of greater recognition for their profound impact on religious learning in the region. The research examines key aspects of Sheikh Ahmed Watar’s life, including his family background, education, and his 56-year career as an Islamic educator. It highlights his innovative approach to training Sheikhs, Imams, and Muazzins through a tailored program initiated in 2012, which addressed the specific needs of the Eastern Hararge community. As a Mufti, Sheikh Ahmed Watar issued fatwas that provided guidance on matters ranging from personal conduct to complex legal issues, demonstrating his pivotal role in shaping religious and social discourse. He wrote a manuscript named as Taqriir, a detailed commentary on foundational Islamic books such as Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, and the Sunan collections. This work exemplifies his meticulous scholarship, offering definitions of specialized hard terms, critical evaluations of hadith authenticity, and guidance on the reliability of sources. Although unpublished, Taqriir remains an invaluable resource for the preservation and dissemination of Islamic knowledge. The argument put forth in this research is that the scholarly neglect of Sheikh Ahmed Watar’s contributions has obscured a crucial chapter in the history of Islamic education. Employing a historical research method, the study draws on diverse sources, including primary, secondary, and oral evidence. Qualitative data analysis was used to critically evaluate these sources, ensuring a comprehensive and unbiased portrayal of Sheikh Ahmed Watar’s life and career. The findings not only reveal his family and educational background but also his substantial impact on Islamic education. By presenting a structured and detailed account of Sheikh Ahmed Watar’s life and work, this study contributes to filling a significant gap in the biography of Muslim scholar in Ethiopia. 122p. 2025-02-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8147 THE INTRODUCTION AND EXPANSION OF PROTESTANTISM IN HADIYA (CA. 1928-1991) MELESE GATISO; Dr.Reta Duguma (PhD); Dr.Temam Haji-Adem (PhD) This thesis studies about The Introduction and Expansion of Protestantism in Hadiya, (Ca. 1928- 1991). The year 1928 was a watershed in the birth of Protestant Christianity among the Hadiya society while the year 1991 was a remarkable period because with the change of government Protestant Christians got religious freedom, ethnic and cultural rights, and some degree of economic and political freedom. Obviously, Protestantism seems to have a remarkable influence on the socio-cultural, economic and political aspects of Hadiya people, yet its history have not been fully investigated. This was the major concern of this study that aimed at examining the far reaching changes brought about by Protestantism on the life of the Hadiya people. The study examines the missionary activities and the steady conversions of Hadiya people from their traditional religion, fandanano to Protestant Christianity. Besides the fandaano, prior to the introduction of Protestantism, Islam and Orthodox Christianity were predominant religion among the Hadiya. Unlike Orthodox Christianity, Protestantism reached among the Hadiya people through humble approach by providing social services like education and health centers and by doing so that, it did not take longer time for introduction and expansion. In line with this, researcher collected various secondary and primary sources from different areas namely Hadiya zone culture and tourism office, Bobicho Bibile school archive and Library, Heto south central synods Archive and Library, Addis Ababa Archival Cnters and Libraries, Haramaya University Libraries as well as investigated and analyzed them critically. Based on the finding, although Protestantism has narrowed social class oppression like Occupational minorities (Bete-Israel and tanners), occupational minorities have been still undermined mainly in political and economic way of life. It was obvious that, when Protestantism faced different challenges among the Hadiya people, various approached were pursued to overcome these problems. Similarly, Protestantism should work actively with other religious groups to create wellbeing society of the Ethiopian people in general and the Hadiya people in particular. 191 2023-04-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8054 COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES SCHOOL OF HISTORY AND HERITAGE MANAGEMENT POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM DIRECTORATE Asmamaw Tagese; (PhD) Reta Duguma; (PhD) Temam Hajiadem he current Kacha Bira woreda has underwent immense historical transformation—political, social, and economical. However, little is known about these historical accounts of the feudal Emperor Haile Sellassie I and Derg regimes. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine the historical development (1941 to 1991) of the Woreda with a focus on the political, social, and economic dimensions. Based on a collection of sources from national archives, written and oral, some major happenings in the Woredas occurrences have been fully discussed. Following the Italian takeover of Ethiopia in 1936, the political and socioeconomic structure of Kacha-Bira Woreda underwent a significant transformation. It is believed that the Italian occupation, which lasted from 1936 to 1941, served as a catalyst for the creation of Kacha- Bira Woreda. The restoration of Emperor Haile Sellassie I to power in 1941 contributed forLand ownership patterns might have shifted, with the introduction of new taxation systems. Economic changes aimed to abolish corvee labor, yet peasants still faced heavy taxes, including church tithe and education fees. Forceful conversion to Orthodox Christianity was imposed, seen as undermining traditional religious and cultural values, strengthening resistance against feudal oppression.After the fall of the feudal regime, significant political and socio-economic developments also occurred in the woreda. Despite some negative effects on the society, socialist Derg regime has made structural transformation such as distribution of the feudal and bourgeoisie's lands to poor peasants and establishment of cooperative workers associations and peasant associations to improve the lives of peasants. As a result, after the advent of the socialist-militarist Derg rule in 1974, the majority of the residents of the woreda had enjoyed an increase in their quality of life. 141p. 2024-06-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8016 A HISTORY OF BADANNO WOREDA (1941- 1991) Dinsa Baya; Reta Duguma (PhD) This thesis presents “A History of Badanno Woreda from 1941 to 1991.” This thesis examined the administrative, economic and socio- cultural development in the Woreda during the imperial (1941- 1974) and the Derg (1974- 1991) period. It analyzed the development in the area of education, religion and other social issues in the Woreda. The thesis benefitted from archival materials, published works, BA and MA thesis, PhD dissertations and also informants. The thesis organized in four parts. The first part deals with the general backgrounds of the woreda. It also deals with the economy of the Woreda which includes both agriculture and trade. The second part deals with the historical background of Eastern Oromo that settled in Hararghe which includes Marawa (Itu), Humbanna (Anniya) and Afran Qallo and their settlement patterns, the Socio- political organization, the relation of Eastern Oromo with Harari, Egyptian influence and the Menelik conquest of Harar and the surrounding Oromo. The third partis devoted to historical developments in the Woreda during the imperial era (1941- 1974). It deals with the formation of the district, the administration system, economic activity (agriculture, trade, land tenure) and socio- cultural life. It also includes the development of infrastructure which includes schools and health center. It also discusses the religious history of the Woreda which includes Islam and Christianity. The fourth part deals with the changes which happened in the Woreda during the Derg regime. It discusses the Ethiopian revolution of 1974, the role of zamach students in the Woreda and Land reforms made by the Derg and changes in the Woreda. It also treats the background to the Ogaden war and Somali conflict in Badanno. The villagisation programme, the activities of OLF in the Woreda and the development of public institution during the Derg regime is also examined. 130 2024-07-01T00:00:00Z