http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/92 2026-04-16T09:34:47Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8277 IMPACTS OF LAND USE/LAND COVER AND CLIMATE CHANGES ON THE HYDROLOGY OF THE FAFAN CATCHMENT IN THE WABI SHBELE RIVER BASIN OF ETHIOPIA MAEREG TEKLAY AMARE; Dr. Solomon Asfaw; Dr. Sitotaw Haile Information on land use/land cover change, climate change and hydrology are required to make decisions on land use planning, climate change adaptation and mitigation measures and for sustainable water resources management. Nevertheless, such information collected at a scale that enables to make site-specific decisions is lacking in Ethiopia in general and the Fafan cathcment in particular. Cognizant of this gap, this study intended to investigate the impacts of land use/land cover and climate changes on the hydrology of the Fafan catchment in the Wabi Shebele River Basin of Ethiopia. Landsat 5, 7, 8, and 9 imagery, along with field survey data, were utilized to detect and predict land use/land cover (LULC) changes from 1990 to 2050. Methods applied included the maximum likelihood classifier, post-classification analysis, multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network, and cellular automata-Markov chain. The Land Change Modeler (LCM) in IDRISI was used for change analysis, transition potential modeling, and change prediction. To assess the impacts of LULC change on the catchment’s hydrology, satellite imagery and hydro-climatic data were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall trend test, Sen’s slope estimator, the HBV Light hydrological model, and other statistical tools. Spatio-temporal climate variability and trends were examined using methods like the coefficient of variation, standardized temperature and anomaly indices, Pearson correlation, the Mann-Kendall trend test, and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW). For analyzing the impact of projected climate change, historical hydro climatic data were acquired from local and nearby stations, while projected Global Circulation Models (GCMs) data were sourced from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP-5). An ensemble of 17 GCMs for the period 2022–2050 was downscaled using the MarkSim model into RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. The HBV Light model was employed to simulate hydrological processes in response to the projected climate change. The land use/land cover (LULC) change analysis revealed that between 1990 and 2021, forest, grassland, and shrubland decreased by -13.2%, -4.6%, and -18%, respectively, while cropland, settlement, and barren land increased by 19.2%, 11.7%, and 4.9%. Between 2022 and 2050, cropland, settlement, and barren land are projected to increase by 9.1%, 3.5%, and 2.2%, while shrubland, forest, and grassland are expected to decrease by -1.3%, -3.65%, and -10.1%, respectively. The impacts of LULC change on hydrology showed a reduction of -51% in vegetation zone one, while zones two and three increased by 385% and 62%, respectively. The HBV Light model demonstrated good performance with NSE values of 0.61 and 0.66 and R² values of 0.60 and 0.65 for calibration and validation periods, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, annual and Kiremt surface runoff increased by 17% and 25%, respectively, while the Bega xvii season saw a decrease of -15%. Evapotranspiration slightly increased, while seasonal soil moisture decreased by -32% during the Belg season and increased by 14% during the Kiremt season. Climate variability and trends (1991–2020) indicated low temperature variation and high rainfall variation. Maximum and minimum temperatures showed increasing trends during the Kiremt and Belg seasons. Extreme annual and seasonal temperature conditions were identified, along with moderate wet and extreme-to-severe dry rainfall conditions. Rainfall showed a positive correlation with sea surface temperature indices during the Kiremt and a negative correlation in other seasons. Projected climate change impacts on hydrology showed that annual minimum temperature is expected to increase by 25% (RCP 4.5) and 34% (RCP 8.5), while annual maximum temperature is projected to decrease by -4% (RCP 4.5) and -2% (RCP 8.5). Annual rainfall is expected to increase by 1% (RCP 4.5) and 3% (RCP 8.5). The HBV model predicts an annual surface runoff increase of 34% (RCP 4.5) and 42% (RCP 8.5), along with a rise in potential evapotranspiration of 62% (RCP 4.5) and 63% (RCP 8.5). Groundwater recharge is projected to decrease annually by -42% (RCP 4.5) and -33% (RCP 8.5), while soil moisture may decrease by -11% and -47% under the respective scenarios. The study emphasizes the substantial impacts of LULC and climate changes on catchment hydrology, underscoring the need for sustainable land and water management practices such as reforestation, soil conservation, controlled agricultural expansion, and adaptive water management strategies like constructing water storage systems to address projected hydrological shifts. 182 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8157 ROLES OF MEDIA IN CREATING AWARENESS ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE IN DIRE DAWA ADMINISTRATION, ETHIOPIA ASHENAFI MEBRATU BAHIRU; Dr.Tegegn Sishaw (Ph.D); Dr.Solomon Tekalign (Ph.D) This research was conducted with the objective of assessing roles of media in creating awareness about climate change in Dire Dawa Administration. Survey was conducted with 399 respondents and five key informant interviews. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as percentage, frequency distribution and mean through the use of SPSS version 24 software, and inferential statistics mainly ordinal logistic regression analysis was conducted. The qualitative data was analyzed manually through careful interpretation of meanings and pattern matching, and finally the qualitative and quantitative data was integrated in accordance to the objective of the study. The findings reveals that a considerable portion of the public may struggle to comprehend the media reports. The finding also highlights the role of media outlets in bridging the gap between complex scientific information and public understanding, emphasizing the necessity for clear, accurate, and engaging communication strategies. The finding of this study shows that media organizations should take prominent responsibility in shaping public awareness and driving action on climate change. The findings of this study also identified difficulty in communicating complex scientific concepts to the general public, limited scientific knowledge among journalists, lack of climate change related trained professional working in media environment and limited space or air time given for climate change as a major challenges medias are facing in creating awareness about climate change. According to the result obtained from ordinal logistic regression model, education status, TV and newspaper utilization, the quality and credibility of media report, satisfaction level, media informativeness, inclusion of indigenous knowledge, encouraging public engagement, and addressing long-term implications have highly significant association with media‟s role in creating awareness. This study recommended the existence of collaboration with scientific experts and prioritizing media coverage on climate change to enhance media‟s role in creating awareness about climate change. 125 2024-04-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8142 WOMEN’S ADAPTATION STRATEGY TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY: THE CASE OF GEMECHIS DISTRICT, WEST HARARGHE ZONE, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA HAMID EBRAHIM HAMIDO; Dr.Tegegne Sishaw (PhD); Dr.Awol Akmal (PhD) Climate variability is recognized as one of the greatest challenges of our world today. It is predicted to have adverse consequences on the world’s ecosystems, economies and societies. The severity of adverse effects varies across countries, regions, and socio-demographic groups due to differences in exposures, sensitivities and adaptive capacities. The thesis was conducted on Women’s Adaptation strategy to Climate Variability in Gemechis District, West Hararghe Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. The purpose of this study was to identify and assess major climate variability adaptation strategy of women. To achieve the objectives set, appropriate data was collected from three sample Kebeles, which were selected through purposive sampling method based on their agro-ecological conditions and 399 women headed households were selected from the three sample Kebeles. The study was used both qualitative and quantitative types of data that were generated from both primary and secondary sources of data through mixed research design. Primary data were collected through focus group discussion, household survey, key informant interview and field observation. Secondary data were collected from different research, journal articles, books and office records. The collected qualitative data were analyzed using content and discourse analyses whilst quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential analyses. To identify the factors influencing women’s decisions to adapt to climate change in the study area, multinomial logistics regression model and Chi square test were applied. The results of the multinomial logistic regression model showed that the decision to choose a certain adaptation strategy to climate variability depends on sex of the household head, age of the household head, family size, and education level of the household head, access to climate information and frequency of extension visits. For example, result of this study depicted that a one percent increase in the age level of women results in a 0.02% increase in the probability of adapting soil and water conservation, a 0.04% increase in afforestation, a 3.41% increase in short season varieties and a 0.1% increase in mixed farming. The results also showed that if woman farmer perceives there is a change in climate then her probability of adapting soil and water conservation increased by about 7.41%, short season varieties increases by about 1.76%, water harvesting increases by about 9.167% and mixed farming practices increases by about 6.31% as compared to all adaptation options. Based on the findings the following recommendations are forwarded: provision of climate information for farmers, provision of extension services, introduce new agricultural technologies and inputs, diversifying source of income and empowering women. 90 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8128 SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF LAND USE / LAND COVER CHANGE, AND THEIR IMPLICATION ON CLIMATE VARIABILITY: THE CASE OF GOBELE WATERSHED OF WABI SHEBELLE BASIN, EASTERN ETHIOPIA. EPHREM SHIMELIS HAILU; Elias Cherenet (Assi.prof); Kassaye Hussien (PhD) Land use change is one of the challenges that aggravate environmental problems. Understanding the scope of land use change and consequences is very crucial for proper management of land resources. This study examines the nexus between land use, land cover (LULC) change, and climate variability in the Gobele watershed of the Wabe Shebele Basin, Eastern Ethiopia, over the period 1993–2023. Landsat images were used to analyze LULC, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), and LST (Land Surface Temperature), while rainfall data was obtained from CHIRPS. The analysis was conducted using ArcGIS 10.8. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was applied to assess the relationship between LULCC and NDVI with climate variables. The supervised classification with maximum likelihood algorithm was employed for classification of the LULC. The results indicate a significant increase in agricultural land and settlement areas, whereas bare land, forests, grazing land, shrub land, and water bodies have declined. NDVI values for each land use class ranged from -0.39 to +0.66 in 1993, from -0.63 to +0.42 in 2003, from -0.26 to +0.54 in 2013, and from -0.17 to +0.58 in 2023. The NDVI values revealed both decreasing and increasing trends across different land use types. In contrast, LST exhibited a consistent upward trend, while rainfall showed a declining trend, both of which are linked to LULC changes in the watershed. The correlation analysis revealed a negative relationship between NDVI and LST, and a positive relationship between NDVI and rainfall. These findings underscore the importance of appropriate land use management practices to mitigate the adverse effects of LULC changes on climate variability in the region. 103 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z