Clinical Pharmacy

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANALGESIC ACTIVITIES OF ALOE PUBESCENS (ASPHODELACEAE) LEAF GEL IN MICE MODELS

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANALGESIC ACTIVITIES OF ALOE PUBESCENS (ASPHODELACEAE) LEAF GEL IN MICE MODELS SAMUEL SILESHI (MSc candidate); Abraham Nigussie (PhD, Assistant Professor of pharmacology); Abraham Degaga (PhD, Assistant Professor of pharmacology) Pain and inflammation are associated with number of diseases or conditions as symptoms, and considered as a major clinical, social, and economic problem around the world. In Ethiopia, Aloe pubescens has been traditionally used to alleviate wounds, pain, and inflammation, but its medicinal benefits have not been scientifically validated. The present study aimed at the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Aloe pubescens leaf gel in mice models. Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Aloe pubescens leaf gel in mice. Methods: Experimental study design was conducted. The study was conducted in Haramaya University, College of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia. The leaf gel powder of the Aloe pubescens was prepared, by using vacuum oven at 40 ˚c. The mice randomly divided into five groups (negative control, positive control and three test groups). Anti inflammatory effect of Aloe pubescens leaf gel was evaluated using carrageenan-induced acute paw edema and formalin-induced sub-acute paw edema models. While, analgesic activity of Aloe pubescens leaf gel was tested via the acetic acid-induced writhing test for peripheral pain and the hot plate test for central pain. Additionally, phytochemical screening was conducted to identify the active compounds. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. A one-way ANOVA test was used to determine significance and results were expressed as mean ± SEM, with significance determined at p < 0.05. Results: The leaf gel of Aloe pubescens produced significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in experimental mice models. In the acetic acid–induced writhing test, the gel significantly reduced the number of writhes in a dose-dependent manner, indicating peripheral analgesic activity. In the hot plate test, the extract significantly prolonged reaction latency, demonstrating centrally mediated analgesic effects. Furthermore, the gel markedly suppressed carrageenan induced acute paw edema and formalin-induced sub-acute paw edema across all tested doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), with maximal inhibition observed at higher doses and later time points. Overall, the extract exhibited significant and dose-dependent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities compared with the negative control. x Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that Aloe pubescens leaf gel possesses significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in experimental mouse models. The observed effects were dose-dependent and evident in both peripheral and central pain models, as well as in acute and sub-acute inflammation models. These results scientifically support the traditional use of the plant for the management of pain and inflammatory conditions and suggest that Aloe pubescens may serve as a potential source of bioactive compounds for the development of novel analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents. 52

TREATMENT OUTCOME OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PATIENTS ADMITTED IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT OF HIWOT FANA COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, HARAR, EASTERN ETHIOPIA.

Fri, 01 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT

TREATMENT OUTCOME OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PATIENTS ADMITTED IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT OF HIWOT FANA COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, HARAR, EASTERN ETHIOPIA. MENBERE DEBELE; Mr. Shambel Nigussie (MSc, Assistant Professor); Mrs. Tigist Gashaw (MSc, Assistant Professor) Background: The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in intensive care units has risen over the past decade, affecting an estimated 13 million people annually and leading to 1.7 million deaths worldwide. Despite its significant impact, no prior study has been conducted in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the treatment outcomes of AKI and its associated factors among patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 308 ICU patients with acute kidney injury at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia. Medical records from September 1, 2019, to August 30, 2023, were reviewed. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to identify factors associated with poor outcomes, reported as adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals. Variables with a p-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 308 patient records were reviewed. Of these, 181 (58.2%) were male, and 160 (51.9%) were aged 40–65 years (mean age: 44.5 ± 14.6). Poor treatment outcomes occurred in 58.1% (95% CI: 52.4–63.7). Factors significantly associated with poor outcomes included urban residence (AOR=2.22; 95% CI: 1.16–4.25), central intensive care unit admission (AOR=2.70; 95% CI: 1.41–5.19), oliguria (AOR=3.26; 95% CI: 1.76–6.04), stage III acute kidney injury (AOR=15.8; 95% CI: 1.56–159.6), and need for renal replacement therapy (AOR=11.6; 95% CI: 3.41–39.6). Conclusion: The study revealed that over half of ICU patients with acute kidney injury experienced poor treatment outcomes (58.1%). Significant predictors included urban residence, ICU admission, oliguria, stage III AKI, and need for renal replacement therapy. These findings highlight the urgent need for early detection and timely interventions to improve patient survival. 52

ANTIBIOTIC KNOWLEDGE, PRACTICE, AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG MOTHERS OF CHILDREN UNDER-FIVE IN RURAL HARAMAYA DISTRICT, EASTERN ETHIOPIA

Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT

ANTIBIOTIC KNOWLEDGE, PRACTICE, AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG MOTHERS OF CHILDREN UNDER-FIVE IN RURAL HARAMAYA DISTRICT, EASTERN ETHIOPIA JABIR ALIYE (B.PHARM); Mr.Kirubel Minsamo (MSc, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pharmacy); Dr.Abraham Nigussie (PhD) Background: Lack of knowledge among mothers regarding antibiotic use in children under five contributes to inappropriate use, a key driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Despite their critical role, limited data exist on mothers’ antibiotic knowledge and practices in rural Ethiopia. Objective: To assess antibiotic knowledge, practices, and associated factors among mothers of children under five in rural Haramaya District, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 29 to June 30, 2025, involving 380 randomly selected mothers. Data were collected using a pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 21. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using modified Poisson regression models to identify factors associated with poor antibiotic knowledge and inappropriate practices. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Among participants, 225 (59.2%) had poor antibiotic knowledge. Of 127 mothers reporting antibiotic use for children under five, 51 (40.2%) practiced inappropriate use. Poor knowledge was significantly associated with lack of formal education (APR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.04 4.09; p = 0.014), experience with suppliers (APR = 2.37; 95% CI: 1.08–4.20; p = 0.004), lack of clinic information (APR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.12–4.50; p = 0.006), non-working (APR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.10–4.78; p = 0.008), and longer distance to health facilities (APR = 2.46; 95% CI: 1.17–5.18; p = 0.012). Inappropriate antibiotic use was significantly associated with age of the child (APR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.67–0.87; p < 0.001), non-prescribed access (APR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.15–3.04; p = 0.012), obtaining drugs from primary clinics (APR = 5.75; 95% CI: 2.41–13.74; p < 0.001), pharmacies or drug shops (APR = 3.48, 95% CI: 1.19–10.24, p = 0.023) , kiosks (APR = 2.97; 95% CI: 1.13–7.75; p = 0.027), frequency of antibiotic use (≥4 times; (APR = 2.91; 95% CI: 1.35 6.29; p = 0.007), and rare instructions about drugs (APR = 3.18, 95% CI: 1.55–6.53, p = 0.002) . Conclusion: Over half of mothers had poor knowledge of antibiotics, and inappropriate use for children was common. Targeted health education, regulated access, and proper counseling are essential to promote rational antibiotic use and reduce AMR risks. 65

MORTALITY AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG COLORECTAL CANCER PATIENTS ON CHEMOTHERAPY FOLLOW UP AT HIWOT FANA COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL AND DILCHORA GENERAL HOSPITAL, EASTERN ETHIOPIA

Sat, 01 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT

MORTALITY AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG COLORECTAL CANCER PATIENTS ON CHEMOTHERAPY FOLLOW UP AT HIWOT FANA COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL AND DILCHORA GENERAL HOSPITAL, EASTERN ETHIOPIA Ibrahim Ismael (B. Pharm); Dr. Dumessa Edessa (Ph.D); Mr. Jemal Abdela (MSc, Assistant Professor of Pharmacology) Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second biggest cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, impacting both developed and developing nations. The present research aimed to investigate mortality and its associated factors among colorectal cancer patients on chemotherapy follow up at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Dilchora General Hospital. Methods: A retrospective chart review is performed, and all cases with diagnosis of colorectal cancer from (February 25, 2020–January 1, 2025) 156 at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and (January 1, 2023–January 1, 2025) 29 at Dilchora General Hospital were included for study. For the data collection, the patients’ medical charts were reviewed from March 1 and June 15, 2025. The entry and evaluation of data were conducted with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 27.0. Survival probability over time was estimated using Kaplan Meier curve and factors associated with colorectal cancer mortality were identified through a Cox proportional hazards regression model. Result: Out of 185 participants, 101 (54.6%) were males and 103 (55.7%) were under the age of 49. An average age at admission was 46.65 years (standard deviation 12.74). Of the 185 patients treated for colorectal cancer, 139 (75.1%) died within a period of two years, with a median predicted survival time of 13.8 months. The Cox proportional hazard regression analysis found the presence of underweight (HR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.07-2.78), having carcinoembryonic antigen levels ≥ 5 ng/mL (HR=2.25, 95% CI: 1.19 - 4.26), having low hemoglobin (HR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.10 2.39), and having comorbid diseases (HR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.07 -2.56) were all associated with an increased mortality rate. Conclusion: This study shows that mortality from colorectal cancer was considerably high among patients on chemotherapy follow up at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Dilchora General Hospital. The mortality was significantly increased among patients with anemia, malnutrition, advanced cancer stage, and comorbid conditions. Early screening, accessible first line chemotherapy, and adherence to treatment protocols are critical for improving colorectal cancer treatment outcomes. Nutritional support and public health education should be integrated into care. These interventions may collectively reduce disease burden and mortality. 60