College of Health and Medical Sciences

Substance Use and Associated Factors among Adult HIV Infected Patients On Antiretroviral Treatment At Public Health Facilities Of Modjo Town, Oromia, Ethiopia

Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Substance Use and Associated Factors among Adult HIV Infected Patients On Antiretroviral Treatment At Public Health Facilities Of Modjo Town, Oromia, Ethiopia Gelano (BSc), Temesgen Background፡ Use of substances such as alcohol, khat and tobacco has become one of the rising major public health and socioeconomic problems worldwide. The global burden of disease attributable to alcohol and illicit drug accounts 5.4% of the total burden of disease. Sub-Saharan Africa exhibit very high levels of alcohol consumption, the most prevalent behavioral risk factors implicated in the transmission of Human Immuno Deficiency Virus. In Modjo town, although advances in Human ImmunoVirus treatment have resulted in morbidity and mortality reductions, the gains of Anti Retro viral Treatment may be attenuated by high rates of substance use. Objective; To assess prevalence of substance use and associated factors among Adult Retroviral Infected Patients on Anti Retro viral Therapy at Public Health Facilities of Modjo town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, from February 1- 20, 2020. Methods: Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 429 retro viral infected patients were selected by Systematic Random sampling technique. Data was collected through interview and checklist by using structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics like frequency mean and standard deviations were computed for most of the variables. Logistic regression model was used for controlling the possible effect of confounders. AOR along with 95% CI were estimated to measure the strength of the association; and to identify predictors of the outcome. Level of statistical significance was declared at P-value ≤ 0.05. Results: The prevalence of current substance use among Retro viral Infected patient was 104 24.2%, (CI: 20.3- 28.6). Being Males [AOR=1.94 (95% CI: 1.20 - 3.15)], Friend substance use [AOR=1.88 (95%CI: 1.13 - 3.13)], and family substance use [AOR=2.11 (95%CI: 1.49-4.00)] were factors significantly associated with substance use among retro viral infected patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of substance use disorder was high. Of the studied variables, sex, friend substance use, and family substance use were independently associated with substance use disorder. Giving Awareness on effect of substance use specifically focusing male user was recommended. Screening and cessation support should be offered at Anti Retro viral clinics in Modjo town Public health facilities. 57

INTENTION TO DO PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANC IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF HARAR TOWN, EASTERN ETHIOPIA USING THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR

Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT

INTENTION TO DO PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANC IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF HARAR TOWN, EASTERN ETHIOPIA USING THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR TARIKU GIRMAY (BSc); MR.ASSEFA TOLA (MPH, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR); MR.ADERA, DEBELLA (MSC, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR) Background: Physical exercise is a key preventive measure for chronic diseases across the lifespan, including during pregnancy, where it promotes maternal and fetal health. Despite its benefits, evidence on the intention to perform physical exercise during pregnancy and its predictors remains limited in low-income settings, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and Ethiopia. Objective: This study aimed to assess the intention to do physical exercise and its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care services in public hospitals of Harari Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia, from February 1 to March 30, 2024. Methods: An Institution-based cross-sectional study among 405 pregnant women attending Antenatal Care follow-up at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital and Jugel General Hospital. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected through interviewer-administered structured questionnaires, entered using Epi Data version 4.6, and analyzed with STATA version 17. The results of the descriptive statistics were summarized using mean, standard deviation, percentages, frequency tables and graphs. Standardized β and R2 values were used to interpret outcome variable.Simple and multiple linear regression analysis were performed. In multiple linear regression analysis, Statistical significance was declared at a p-value of <0.05 with 95% confidence interval. Results: Of the 411 women approached, 405 completed the study (98.5% response rate). The mean intention score was 16.15 (SD ± 5.82), with 58.3% (n = 236) scoring above the mean. The TPB model explained 36% of the variance in exercise intention. Significant predictors included: direct attitude [β = 0.230, p < 0.001, 95% CI (0.187, 0.458)], direct perceived behavioral control [β = 0.259, p < 0.001, 95% CI (1.920, 5.855)], knowledge of exercise benefits [β = 0.248, p = 0.001, 95% CI (0.194, 0.786)], high school education [β = 0.169, p = 0.005, 95% CI (0.297, 1.621)], college or university education [β = 0.192, p = 0.004, 95% CI (0.413, 2.135)], and being in the second trimester of pregnancy [β = 0.190, p = 0.017, 95% CI (0.247, 2.504)] Conclusion: More than half of the pregnant women reported a high intention to engage in physical exercise. Intention was significantly influenced by perceived behavioral control, positive direct attitude, higher educational attainment, knowledge of exercise benefits, and second-trimester pregnancy, were significant associated factors.Therefore, study aimed at promoting physical exercise during pregnancy should strengthen perceived control and positive attitudes, particularly among less-educated women and those in earlier stages of pregnancy. 94

PREVALENCE OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG MOTHERS WITH CHILDREN 0-6 MONTHS ATTENDING HOSPITALS IN HARGEISA CITY, SOMALILAND.

Tue, 01 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT

PREVALENCE OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG MOTHERS WITH CHILDREN 0-6 MONTHS ATTENDING HOSPITALS IN HARGEISA CITY, SOMALILAND. FATHIA MOHAMOUD H.HASSAN; Dr. Kasiye Shiferaw (PhD, Assistant Professor); Ms. Abiyot Asfaw (Assistance professor) Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as feeding breast milk only, for the first six months, only 40% of children worldwide exclusively breastfed which is far from the recommendation, while in Africa only 37% of infants were exclusively breastfed. In Somaliland the Demographic health survey showed that only 30% exclusively breastfed among infants aged 0–6 months. The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, however, exclusive breastfeeding practice in Somaliland is not well practiced and previous studies had omitted some of the determinant factors such as mothers' attitudes towards exclusive breastfeeding, so the aim of this study is to assess the extent of exclusive breastfeeding practice and associated factors among mothers attending a selected hospitals in Hargeisa city, Somaliland from January 2025 to March 2025. Objective: To assess the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and its associated factors among mothers attending a selected hospitals in Hargeisa city, Somaliland from January 2025 to March 2025. Method: A facility -based cross-sectional study was conducted among 630 randomly selected mothers with children who are less than 6 months attending in a selected Hospitals in Hargeisa City, Somaliland. Data was collected using a pretested and structured questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 3.1.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Bivariable analysis identified variables for multivariable analysis, which controlled for potential confounding factors. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess the association between predictors and outcome variable. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05, and results are presented in tables. The level of statistical significance was declared at P-value < 0.05 and the result was presented as tables. Result: The overall prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in this study was 54%, Having ANC visit (AOR=2, 95% CI: 1.37-3.29), normal delivery (AOR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.05-2.52), frequency of breastfeeding (AOR =6.6, 95% CI: 4.24 – 10.18) family support (AOR= 1.62(1.07-2.44), good knowledge (AOR= 2.46, 95% CI 1.58-3.83) , positive attitude ( AOR= 3.0 (2.13, 4.21) were more likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding. initiation of breastfeeding, after hours (AOR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.27-0.69), after days: (AOR: 0.30, 95% CI: (0.16-0.54), were less likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding Conclusion: The prevalence of this study of exclusive breastfeeding was 54%, The prevalence of this area is moderate according to the World Health Organization guideline. initiation of breastfeeding, frequency of breastfeeding, ANC Visit, mode of delivery, family support, good knowledge and positive attitude was statistically significant with exclusive breastfeeding in the multivariable analysis. It recommended to the health institutions, healthcare workers and other concerned parties to enhance Antenatal and postnatal care by developing and implementing programs that educate mothers on the importance of exclusive breastfeeding. 80

THE MICROBIOLOGICAL PROFILES AND OUTCOMES OF PEDIATRIC ORTHOPEDIC INFECTIONS AT HIWOT FANA COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL, HARAR, ETHIOPIA

Fri, 01 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT

THE MICROBIOLOGICAL PROFILES AND OUTCOMES OF PEDIATRIC ORTHOPEDIC INFECTIONS AT HIWOT FANA COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL, HARAR, ETHIOPIA DR. TESFAHUN KEBEDE NUNNE; ekalign Tsegaye (MD, Assistant Professor of Orthopeadics and Trauma surgery, Pediatric Orthopeadics Subspecialist); Abebe Tolera (MPH, Assistant Professor of Epidemiology) Background: Pediatric orthopedic infections are a significant cause of morbidity in low-income countries, yet data from Eastern Ethiopia are limited. Objectives: To assess the microbiological spectrum, clinical outcomes, and determinants of outcome in pediatric orthopedic infections at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional review was conducted on medical records of 311 pediatric patients (≤18 years) diagnosed with orthopedic infections between January 2022 and December 2024. Data were collected using a structured checklist and analyzed with SPSS version 27. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of poor treatment outcomes, with statistical significance set at p<0.05 Results: Orthopedic infections accounted for 32.0% of pediatric orthopedic consultations. The mean age was 11.2 years (SD=4.86), with a predominance of males (72.0%) and rural residents (71.7%). Chronic osteomyelitis was the most common diagnosis (29.3%), followed by septic arthritis (16.4%) and acute osteomyelitis (10.6%). Cultures were positive in 58.0% of cases with Staphylococcus aureus as the predominant pathogen (45.1%). Notably, 72.3% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were methicillin-resistant (MRSA). Resistance to commonly used antibiotics was high: ceftriaxone (69.2% resistant), ampicillin (81.5%), while Vancomycin (>90%), clindamycin (83.1%), and gentamicin (81.5%) retained good activity. Combined surgical and medical therapy was used in 97.1% of patients, but only 41.5% received culture-guided definitive antibiotics. Median time to emergency surgery was 8 hours, with 72.0% experiencing delay >6 hours. Complete recovery without complications was achieved in 60.8%, while 15.8% had complicated/unresolved infections, and mortality was 0.6%. Multivariable analysis identified late presentation >7 days (AOR=2.41; 95% CI: 1.24-4.67), multifocal involvement (AOR=2.70; 95% CI: 1.33-5.50), prior antibiotic exposure (AOR=2.75; 95% CI: 1.54-4.90), malnutrition (AOR=2.45; 95% CI: 1.26-4.79), MRSA infection (AOR=3.27; 95% CI: 1.56-6.85), and delay in emergency surgery >6 hours (AOR=1.82; 95% CI: 1.01-3.25) as independent predictors of poor outcome. Conclusion: Pediatric orthopedic infections at HFCSUH are characterized by high prevalence, advanced disease at presentation, alarming antimicrobial resistance (particularly MRSA at 72.3%), and suboptimal outcomes. Current empirical therapy (ceftriaxone-based) is inadequate. Delayed presentation, malnutrition, MRSA, and surgical delays independently predict poor outcomes. Updated local treatment guidelines, strengthened diagnostic capacity, and improved surgical access are urgently needed. 82