College of Health and Medical Sciences

Treatment outcome, and associated factors of measles infection among children admitted to Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Harar, eastern Ethiopia

Sat, 01 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Treatment outcome, and associated factors of measles infection among children admitted to Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Harar, eastern Ethiopia Dr. Turina Yusuf; Mr. Assefa Desalew Measles is a highly contagious serious airborne disease caused by a virus that that can lead to severe complications and death. It has a case fatality rate of 3 – 6% and may reach as high as 30% in infants. Measles is one of the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in children of developing countries. Globally in 2023, there was an estimated 107,500 measles deaths, mostly among unvaccinated or under vaccinated children under the age of 5 years. Even though Measles is the leading problem there is no study done on the treatment outcome and associated factors in Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Treatment Outcome and associated factors among Measles cases admitted to Hiwot Fana comprehensive Specialized Hospital from July 1, 2020- June 30, 2024. Data will be collected using a data extraction tool from February 15, 2025- February 28 2025. Methods: Facility-based Retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 422 children’s admitted to at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital with the diagnosis of Measles from July 1, 2020 up to June 30 2024. A systematic sampling technique was used to select the participants and data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data was entered into environmental performance index data 7 and analyzed using the statistical package of social sciences version 27. A bivariable logistic regression analysis was done to select the variables to be entered into the final logistic multivariable analysis. Explanatory variables with p value less than or equal to 0.25 in bivariable logistic regression analysis was entered into the multivariable logistic regression analysis model and association between the independent variables. Every variable with P-values less than 0.05 in the multivariable logistic model was considered as statistically significant.Result: A total of 422 infants and children with measles infection were included in the study. Of the 422, 28 (6.6%) died with 95% CI (23.9-33.8%). In multivariable analysis, being referred on arrival (AOR= 3.136, 95%CI: 1.007-9.764), requiring IV fluids/ORS/RESOMAL (AOR-6.765 95%CI 1.426-32.095), requiring INO2/CPAP (AOR=15.67 95%CI: 3.741-65.627) and requiring vasopressors (AOR= 14.449 95%CI 1.832- 113.988) were factors significantly associated with mortality. 55p.

Utilization of Zinc Supplement and its Associated Factors among Under Five Children with Diarrhea in Chiro Town, West Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia

Fri, 01 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Utilization of Zinc Supplement and its Associated Factors among Under Five Children with Diarrhea in Chiro Town, West Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia Azene Degefa (BSc, Tesfa Background: Diarrhea is a leading cause of under-five mortality globally, especially in low-resource settings. Zinc supplementation is recommended to reduce the duration and severity of diarrheal episodes, yet utilization remains inconsistent across regions and is affected by many factors. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the utilization of zinc among under-five children with diarrhea and associated factors in Chiro town, West Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia from August 11 to 30, 2024. Methods: a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 421 caregivers of under-five children with diarrhea, selected through systematic sampling. Data were collected using a structured pre-tested questionnaire, focusing on zinc use during diarrhea. The data were cleaned, coded, and entered Epi-data 3.1 then transferred and analyzed using SPSS v20. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed, reporting crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI, with statistical significance at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 417 mothers of under five children participated in the study, yielding a response rate of 99%. The study found that only 42.4% (n=177) of under-five children with diarrhea received zinc supplementation (95% CI: 38.2%-46.9%). Multivariable logistic regression identified several factors associated with zinc utilization: Mothers withhold food and fluids (AOR=0.173, 95% CI: 0.09-0.36), those with primary education (AOR=2.88, 95% CI: 1.52-5.46), attend at least secondary education (AOR=5.43, 95% CI: 2.75-10.70), and those with prior zinc experience (AOR=2.28, 95% CI: 1.35-3.84). Conclusion: while zinc supplementation is essential for all children with diarrheal episodes, its utilization remains low and influenced by withholding food and fluid, maternal education, and prior zinc use. Enhancing health education and improving its access could improve utilization rates 96

Substance Use and Associated Factors among Adult HIV Infected Patients On Antiretroviral Treatment At Public Health Facilities Of Modjo Town, Oromia, Ethiopia

Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Substance Use and Associated Factors among Adult HIV Infected Patients On Antiretroviral Treatment At Public Health Facilities Of Modjo Town, Oromia, Ethiopia Gelano (BSc), Temesgen Background፡ Use of substances such as alcohol, khat and tobacco has become one of the rising major public health and socioeconomic problems worldwide. The global burden of disease attributable to alcohol and illicit drug accounts 5.4% of the total burden of disease. Sub-Saharan Africa exhibit very high levels of alcohol consumption, the most prevalent behavioral risk factors implicated in the transmission of Human Immuno Deficiency Virus. In Modjo town, although advances in Human ImmunoVirus treatment have resulted in morbidity and mortality reductions, the gains of Anti Retro viral Treatment may be attenuated by high rates of substance use. Objective; To assess prevalence of substance use and associated factors among Adult Retroviral Infected Patients on Anti Retro viral Therapy at Public Health Facilities of Modjo town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, from February 1- 20, 2020. Methods: Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 429 retro viral infected patients were selected by Systematic Random sampling technique. Data was collected through interview and checklist by using structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics like frequency mean and standard deviations were computed for most of the variables. Logistic regression model was used for controlling the possible effect of confounders. AOR along with 95% CI were estimated to measure the strength of the association; and to identify predictors of the outcome. Level of statistical significance was declared at P-value ≤ 0.05. Results: The prevalence of current substance use among Retro viral Infected patient was 104 24.2%, (CI: 20.3- 28.6). Being Males [AOR=1.94 (95% CI: 1.20 - 3.15)], Friend substance use [AOR=1.88 (95%CI: 1.13 - 3.13)], and family substance use [AOR=2.11 (95%CI: 1.49-4.00)] were factors significantly associated with substance use among retro viral infected patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of substance use disorder was high. Of the studied variables, sex, friend substance use, and family substance use were independently associated with substance use disorder. Giving Awareness on effect of substance use specifically focusing male user was recommended. Screening and cessation support should be offered at Anti Retro viral clinics in Modjo town Public health facilities. 57

PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF VENTILATORASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA AMONG INTUBATED PATIENTS IN HIWOT FANA SPECIALIZED COMPREHENSIVE HOSPITAL, HARAR, ETHIOPIA

Sat, 01 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT

PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF VENTILATORASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA AMONG INTUBATED PATIENTS IN HIWOT FANA SPECIALIZED COMPREHENSIVE HOSPITAL, HARAR, ETHIOPIA Amanuel Takele Denu; Seid Ali ( Asst. Profe); Alemayehu Deressa ( Asst. Profe) Ventilator-associated pneumonia refers to pneumonia that develops in patients receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours. It is associated with an increased duration of mechanical ventilation, longer stays in the intensive care unit, and higher mortality. The prevalence ranges from 10 to 25% in tertiary care hospitals, but can reach as high as 76% in certain settings and high mortality. This study aims to examine the prevalence and associated factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia to implement more effective preventive measures and reduce morbidity and mortality. Objective: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intubated patients at the Hiwot Fana and Harme Intensive Care Units from December 23, 2024 to January 10, 2025. Method: Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 171 intubated patients on invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (Harme and Hiwot fana intensive care units) from January 1, 2021, to June 30, 2024. Data were collected from patient charts using a structured checklist, which were pretested before use. The data from Kobotool box was then exported to STATA version 17 for cleaning and analysis. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and associated factors with a p-value less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Overall 171 study participants were included in this study, 46 developed VentilatorAssociated Pneumonia during their intensive care unit stay, resulting in a prevalence of 26.90% (95% CI: 21.03% -32.77%) The total ventilator days were found to be 1976 days; the median ventilator-days were 7 days with a minimum of 3 days and a maximum of 120 days. Based on onset, 9(19.6%) patients had early onset Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and the remaining 37 (80.4%) had late onset Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. Blood transfusion (adjusted odds ratio (AHR): 2.68, 95% CI: 1.03–4.98; P = 0.042), Tracheostomy (AHR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.08–0.75; P =0.014), and increased duration of MV (AHR: 4.1, 95% CI: 1.49–10.32; P = 0.005) were significantly associated with the development of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. Conclusions: Nearly one-fourth of the participants developed ventilator-associated pneumonia. Blood transfusion, tracheostomy and duration of mechanical ventilation were significantly associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia. 44p.