http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/16 Mon, 28 Sep 2026 08:24:31 GMT 2026-09-28T08:24:31Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8706 THE PRACTICE AND ASSESMENT OF TEACHING READING SKILLS: BISHOFTU SECONDARY SCHOOLS GRADE 9 STUDENTS IN FOCUS GAROMA TAO, MEKONNEN; Tadesse, Dr. Dereje; Fikadu, Dr. Rabuma This study investigated the teaching and assessment of reading skills in Grade 9 English classrooms in government secondary schools in Bishoftu Town, where reading remains a cornerstone of academic achievement within Ethiopia’s English-medium instructional context. Despite the recognized importance of the three-phase reading instruction model: pre-reading, while-reading, and post-reading, evidence shows persistent gaps between recommended practices and actual classroom implementation. The study aimed to examine teachers’ instructional practices, explore the challenges they encounter, and analyze how they apply the stages of reading instruction. A mixed–methods approach, specifically an explanatory sequential design, was employed. Quantitative data were gathered from all 77 Grade 9 English teachers through a structured questionnaire, followed by qualitative data from semi-structured interviews and classroom observations involving five purposively selected teachers. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the quantitative data, while thematic analysis guided the interpretation of qualitative findings, with methodological triangulation strengthening the validity and depth of the results. The findings revealed that reading instruction is largely dominated by while-reading and post-reading activities, including skimming, scanning, guided comprehension, summarizing, and whole-class discussions, whereas pre-reading strategies receive minimal attention. Teachers’ use of learner-centered, interactive techniques and authentic reading materials was also limited. Major challenges identified include large class sizes, inadequate instructional resources, low student motivation and proficiency, and insufficient instructional time, all of which hinder the effective use of recommended reading practices. Assessment practices were found to rely predominantly on oral questioning and immediate feedback, with limited utilization of structured, continuous, or varied assessment techniques. The study concludes that reading instruction and assessment in Bishoftu Town are not fully aligned with established pedagogical frameworks, resulting in imbalanced instructional stages and restricted opportunities for students’ comprehensive reading development. Accordingly, the study recommends strengthening access to reading materials, enhancing teachers’ professional development, promoting balanced and interactive reading strategies, and integrating systematic formative assessment at classroom, school, and broader educational levels. 60 Fri, 01 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8706 2025-08-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8703 Xiinala Fayyadama Afaanii Walaloowwan Zalaalam Abarraa Filataman Keessatti Shifarraa Badhaadhaa Kaayyoon qorannoo kanaa, Xiinxala Fayyadama Afaanii Walaloowwan Zalaalama Abarraa filataman keessattii xiinxaluudha. Malli qorannoo hojiirra ooles, mala qorannoo „akkamtaa‟ yemmuu ta‟u, Maddi ragaalee qorannichaaf dhimma itti bahame, madda ragaa sadarkaa tokkoffaati. Gama biraatiin, Iddattoon qorannoo kanaaf filataman walaloowwan matadureen isaanii: „Utuu!‟, „Ana „Anaafi Ana‟, „Asiifi Achi‟ fi „Malli Maali?‟ kanneen jedhaniidha. Malli funaansa ragaalee hojiirra oolemmoo, mala qaaccessa harshammee yoo ta‟u, ragaalee funaanaman mala qaaccessa ragaalee, allakkoofsawaatti dhimma bahuun qaacceffamani. Kanaanis walqabatee, argannoowwan qorannoo kanaan bira gahaman: haalli itti fayyadama afaanii walaloowwan filataman keessatti hojiirra ittiin oolan, kan garaagarummaa haala qabatamaa hawaasa keessa jiru ibsuurratti xiyyeeffate ta‟uusaa, jechoonni walaloowwan filataman kessaatti dhimma itti bahaman kanneen amaloota, gochoota, sochiilee namoota irraa mul‟atan bifa yaad-fakkiitiin sammuu jamaa keessatti suuressan ta‟uusaanii, Jechootni filatamanii dhimma itti bahaman, jechoota ummanni adeemsa jiruufi jireenya isaa keessatti itti fayyadamu ta‟uurraa kan ka‟e hubannaa namootaa kan hindanqine ta‟uusaaniifi haalli fayyadama afaanii walaloowwan filataman keessatti hojiirra ittiin oolan, haala jechoota afaaniitiin sammuu namaa keessatti fakkii yaadaa suuressuu danda‟aniin kalaqaman ta‟uu isaaniiti. Dhumarratti, yaadotni yaboo qorannichaa akka ta‟aniif qoratichaan eeraman haala fayyadama afaanii, walaloowwan filataman keessatti dhimma bahaman akka muuxannoo fakkeenyummaa gaariitti fudhatamuun namootni biroo dirree hojiilee kalaqa walaloo irratti bobba‟anii jiraniifi fuula duraaf hawwii qaban akka irraa barataniif osoo haalli mijateefii gaarii ta‟a 89p. Sat, 01 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8703 2025-11-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8699 THE IMPACT OF SMALL-SCALE IRRIGATION ON HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY: THE CASE OF TULIGULED DISTRICT, FAFAN ZONE, SOMALI REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA Mubarak Abdulahi Mohamed; Siyoum Girma (PhD); Admasu Bogale (PhD) Ethiopia’s agriculture is largely dominated by small-scale rain-fed production, which is vulnerable to irregular rainfall patterns. Small-scale irrigation is considered a key solution to mitigate these challenges, helping to reduce rural poverty and food insecurity while enhancing agriculture’s contribution to the national economy. This study examined the impact of small-scale irrigation on household food security in Tuliguled District, Fafan Zone, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia. Using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method, data were collected from 224 households, including 109 irrigation users and 115 non-users. Both primary and secondary data sources were employed. Quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression, and propensity score matching. The analysis showed that 45% of irrigation users accessed water from groundwater, while 33% relied on pumped river water. The average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) revealed that households participating in irrigation consumed 1,256.86 Kcal/AE/Day more than non-participants. Descriptive statistics indicated that 75% of participants were food secure, compared to 48% of non-participants. Sorghum and maize were the main staple foods, with food shortages occurring primarily from July to December. Key factors influencing participation in small-scale irrigation included education, household size, land size, distance to markets and water sources, access to extension services, and non-farm income. Households often coped with food shortages through government food aid and consuming less preferred foods. The study concluded that small-scale irrigation is a viable strategy for improving food security in the region. It recommends expanding access to irrigation through government and non-governmental efforts to enhance rural livelihoods. 77p.. Tue, 01 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8699 2025-07-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8678 THE ROLE OF LOCAL INSTITUTION IN ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE CASE OF HARAMAYA WOREDA EAST HARARGHE ZONE, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA Abiyu Teressa Hailemariam; Solomon Tekalign (PhD); Solomon Asfaw (PhD) Climate change is real and might affect all regions, countries and rural areas in some way. Smallholder farmers are most at risk to its impacts. Successful adaptation is therefore needed to increase their resilience to climate change. However, the capacity to adapt depends on specific institutional arrangements operating within the society. The main objective of this study was to investigate the role of local institution to climate change adaptation in Haramaya Woreda,. The study was used multistage sampling techniques for the survey. A household survey was conducted using 296 heads of households who were randomly selected. Face to face interviews were organized with 10 heads of institutions involved in smallholder farmer development project in the study Kebele’s. Quantitative data from the field was subjected to statistical analysis such as binary logistic, multiple regressions and chi-squares tests and presented in the form of frequencies and percentages. According to the results three of the institutions were in existence and the smallholders were also confirmed that, there were climate changes in the areas. Besides, accessibility of farming households to local institutions have significant contribution for improvements of livelihood assets such as human, financial, natural, social and physical capitals at local level. Based on the findings, the study recommended that, institutions must develop innovative ways of spreading out their reach (such as outreach on market days) in order to aid farmer adaptation. In addition, the improvement of financial, natural and physical capitals of livelihood assets play remarkable role for promoting the welfare status of smallholders. Therefore, the local government bodies should work hard to improve the accessibility of all public institutions to meet the service needs of people that can change their livelihood. 116p. Mon, 01 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8678 2024-04-01T00:00:00Z