Clinical Pharmacy

ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITIES OF 80% METHANOL EXTRACT AND SOLVENT FRACTIONS OF CROTON MACROSTACHYUS HOCHST. EX DELILE (EUPHORBIACEAE)

Fri, 01 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT

ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITIES OF 80% METHANOL EXTRACT AND SOLVENT FRACTIONS OF CROTON MACROSTACHYUS HOCHST. EX DELILE (EUPHORBIACEAE) Nahom Samuel (B.pharm); Dr. Tadesse Bekele (PhD); Dr. Abraham Nigussie (PhD) Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels. Managing DM has been challenging due to limited treatment options, high costs, and potential side effects of conventional medications. Medicinal plants have long been used traditionally to treat DM. Recent researches also suggested these plants may effectively lower blood glucose levels. Hence, medicinal plants can offer a promising alternative to conventional anti-diabetic medications. Objective: The study aimed to investigate the in vivo anti-diabetic activities of Croton macrostachyus roots. Methods: Anti-hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic effects of the 80% methanol crude extract and solvent fractions were evaluated in normoglycemic, oral glucose loaded, and Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice models. Randomly selected mice of either sex were used for the normoglycemic and oral glucose loaded mice models, while only male mice were used for the STZ-induced diabetic mice model. To assess the effects of the crude extract and each solvent fractions three dose ranges (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg). Results were compared using One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Data analysis was performed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), version 26. Measurements with p-value<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The crude extract exhibited no signs of toxicity at a single 2000 mg/kg dose, suggesting the lethal dose (LD50) to be higher than 2000 mg/kg. The crude extract along with the chloroform fraction and ethyl acetate fractions significantly (p<0.01) reduced blood glucose levels in normoglycemic mice in a dose and time-dependent manner compared to the negative control (NC). The crude extract and chloroform fraction (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) and the ethyl acetate fraction (400 mg/kg) showed a significant (p<0.01) glucose tolerance compared to NC. No significant difference in glucose tolerance was observed between glibenclamide, crude extract (400 mg/kg), chloroform fraction (400 mg/kg) and ethyl acetate fraction (400 mg/kg). In the STZ-induced diabetic mice model, the crude extract (400 mg/kg), the chloroform fraction (400 mg/kg) and the ethyl acetate fraction (400 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.001) reduced fasting glucose levels compared to NC, and were responsible for 30%, 24% and 22% reduction, respectively. VII | P a g e Conclusions: The results of the study have demonstrated that the crude extract, chloroform fraction and ethyl acetate fraction of Croton macrostachyus roots possess a promising anti diabetic effect, which may be attributed to the presence of bio-active phytochemicals. Therefore, the current findings provide scientific support for the ethnomedicinal utilization of the plant for the treatment of DM. 56

MAGNITUDE OF DRUG THERAPY PROBLEM AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADULT PATIENTS ADMITTED TO SURGICAL WARD OF WACHEMO UNIVERSITY COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALI ZED HOSPITAL, HOSSANA, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA.

Sun, 01 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT

MAGNITUDE OF DRUG THERAPY PROBLEM AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADULT PATIENTS ADMITTED TO SURGICAL WARD OF WACHEMO UNIVERSITY COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALI ZED HOSPITAL, HOSSANA, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA. Taju Seid; (Assis Profe) Shambel Nigussie Drug therapy problems are common in hospitalized patients and may lead to increased hospital stays, health care costs, and increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Surgical patients inherently have operative interventions, and these interventions cause medication changes. Data is lacking on the magnitude of drug therapy problems and their associated factors in hospitalized surgical patients in the study areas. Objective: This study aimed to assess the magnitude of drug-therapy problems and associated factors among adult patients admitted to the surgical ward at Wachemo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hosanna, Central Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 304 participants admitted to the surgical ward from January 1 to March 30, 2024, at Wachemo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. By using convenient types of sampling techniques , the data was collected through patients’ interviews and chart reviews using a pre- tested questionnaire. Data was entered using Epi Data version 3.1 software and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 software for analysis. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the factors associated with drug therapy problems. A variable with a value < 0.25 from the bivariate analysis was entered into the multivariable model. In all cases, a 95% confidence interval and P–value <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The total number of recruited patients was 330. Of them, 304 participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Of those who met the inclusion criteria, more than half of them (216, 71.1%) were males. The mean age of the study participants was 44 (±17) years. Nearly half of the patients encountered at least one drug therapy problem, and 464 drug therapy problems were identified with a magnitude of 73.68% (95% CI:0.684-0.785). Non-compliance (27.0%) was the most frequently identified drug therapy problem,followed by a need for additional drug therapy (21.1%) and ineffective drug therapy (15.3%). Length of hospital stay ≥ 7 days [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)= 2.47 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.243-4.909, p=0.01]), ≥ 5 drugs taken per day (AOR=2.874 [95%CI: 1.411-5.851,p=0.004]) and postoperative antibiotics use (AOR=0.057 [95%CI: [0.028-0.115, p=0.001]) significantly affect drug therapy problem. Conclusion: This study identified a high drug therapy problem that was independently predicted by the presence of polypharmacy, ≥7 days of hospital stay, and postoperative antibiotic use. Non- compliance and adverse drug reactions were the most frequent and least identified drug therapy problems, respectively. Therefore, early identification of drug therapy problems and the associated factors may enhance the prevention and management of drug therapy problems, and also clinical pharmacists must collaborate with other healthcare professionals to increase patient drug therapy outcomes. 68p.

EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF 80% METHANOL CRUDE EXTRACT OF THE LEAVES OF EHRETIA CYMOSA THONN (BORAGINACEAE) IN MICE MODEL

Fri, 01 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT

EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF 80% METHANOL CRUDE EXTRACT OF THE LEAVES OF EHRETIA CYMOSA THONN (BORAGINACEAE) IN MICE MODEL Eshetu Mekonnen; (Assis Prof) Tigist Gashaw; (Assis Prof) Dumessa Edessa Ehretia cymosa is one of the medicinal plants used traditionally for the treatment of wounds and a range of ailments including fever, gastric ulcer, dysentery, and toothache. However, the scientific evidence justifying its pharmacological effect from a preclinical perspective is scant. Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate wound healing and antibacterial activities of 80 % methanol extract of Ehretia cymosa leaves in mice. Materials and Method: Air dried and powdered leaves of Ehretia cymosa were extracted by cold maceration using 80 % methanol. The extract was studied for determination of its anti- bacterial activity using disk diffusion technique against common bacteria associated with wound infection at a concentration of 100-300 mg/ml. The extract was tested for acute dermal toxicity using a limit test dose of 2000 mg/kg of the 10 % formulation. To evaluate wound healing activities; three wound models excision, incision and burn followed by infection were employed. The extract was also evaluated for the presence of secondary metabolites using standard tests. A one way Analysis of Variance followed by Tukey‘s post hoc multiple comparison tests was used to compare the means of all parameters among groups and within groups. Results: Ehretia cymosa leaves showed significant (p< 0.01) antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria in a dose-dependent manner, a minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 6.25-75 mg/ml against the tested bacteria and minimum bactericidal concentration against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli at the concentration of 200 mg/ml were observed. The extract showed no acute dermal toxicity as it was evidenced by zero primary irritation index. Topical ointments using two concentrations of 5% and 10% w/w, resulted in concentration- dependent significant (p< 0.05) wound healing activity in all wound models compared to the negative control. The plant was found to be rich in flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins. Conclusions: 80 % methanol extract of the leaves of Ehretia cymosa showed wound healing activities this might be due to its sever collagen deposition, antibacterial effect, and presence of secondary metabolites. It is recommended to fractionate for future pharmacological researches, to purify, and identify the active compound with wound healing activities and antibacterial effects. 98p.

EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF 80% METHANOL CRUDE EXTRACT OF THE LEAVES OF EHRETIA CYMOSA THONN (BORAGINACEAE) IN MICE MODEL

Sun, 01 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT

EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF 80% METHANOL CRUDE EXTRACT OF THE LEAVES OF EHRETIA CYMOSA THONN (BORAGINACEAE) IN MICE MODEL Eshetu Mekonnen; (Assis Prof )Tigist Gashaw; (Assis Prof)Dumessa Edessa Ehretia cymosa is one of the medicinal plants used traditionally for the treatment of wounds and a range of ailments including fever, gastric ulcer, dysentery, and toothache. However, the scientific evidence justifying its pharmacological effect from a preclinical perspective is scant. Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate wound healing and antibacterial activities of 80 % methanol extract of Ehretia cymosa leaves in mice. Materials and Method: Air dried and powdered leaves of Ehretia cymosa were extracted by cold maceration using 80 % methanol. The extract was studied for determination of its anti- bacterial activity using disk diffusion technique against common bacteria associated with wound infection at a concentration of 100-300 mg/ml. The extract was tested for acute dermal toxicity using a limit test dose of 2000 mg/kg of the 10 % formulation. To evaluate wound healing activities; three wound models excision, incision and burn followed by infection were employed. The extract was also evaluated for the presence of secondary metabolites using standard tests. A one way Analysis of Variance followed by Tukey‘s post hoc multiple comparison tests was used to compare the means of all parameters among groups and within groups. Results: Ehretia cymosa leaves showed significant (p< 0.01) antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria in a dose-dependent manner, a minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 6.25-75 mg/ml against the tested bacteria and minimum bactericidal concentration against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli at the concentration of 200 mg/ml were observed. The extract showed no acute dermal toxicity as it was evidenced by zero primary irritation index. Topical ointments using two concentrations of 5% and 10% w/w, resulted in concentration- dependent significant (p< 0.05) wound healing activity in all wound models compared to the negative control. The plant was found to be rich in flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins. Conclusions: 80 % methanol extract of the leaves of Ehretia cymosa showed wound healing activities this might be due to its sever collagen deposition, antibacterial effect, and presence of secondary metabolites. It is recommended to fractionate for future pharmacological researches, to purify, and identify the active compound with wound healing activities and antibacterial effects 98p.