Environmental Health

HOUSEHOLD SANITATION PRACTICE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN GOLA ODA WOREDA, EAST HARARGHE ZONE, EASTERN ETHIOPIA

Sat, 01 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMT

HOUSEHOLD SANITATION PRACTICE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN GOLA ODA WOREDA, EAST HARARGHE ZONE, EASTERN ETHIOPIA Alemayehu Tsegaye; Dinku Mekbib (MSc); Dr Tesfaye Gobena Sanitation practices are essential for maintaining health, preventing diseases and contributing to long-term development. Poor sanitation conditions contribute significantly to the spread of infectious diseases, making it a critical public health issue in most low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. There is evidence paucity on level of household sanitation practices and related factors in the study area. Objective: This study aimed to assess household sanitation practice and identify the associated factors in Gola Oda woreda, East Harerghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 498 households from September 19- October 6, 2024. Six out of 18 kebeles were selected using a simple random sampling method. Within each selected kebele, a systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data collection involved a pre-test structured questionnaire and an observational checklist. Analysis was performed by using SPSS version 25, with bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions used to identify the associated factors, considering a significance level of p-value < 0.05. Results: The study found that 53.5% (95 CI: 49.2%, 58.2%) of households exhibited good sanitation practice. Factors significantly associated with sanitation practice included a diploma or higher education (AOR = 14.389, 95% CI: 1.74-118.80), grades 9 to 12 education (AOR = 4.034, 95% CI: 1.13-14.40), grades 1 to 4 education (AOR = 2.361, 95% CI: 1.33- 4.19), the presence of a latrine superstructure (AOR = 4.133, 95% CI: 1.24-13.80), regular follow-up visits from health extension workers (AOR = 13.452, 95% CI: 2.36-76.75), good knowledge of sanitation (AOR = 4.218, 95% CI: 2.00-8.89), and positive attitudes towards sanitation (AOR = 3.927, 95% CI: 1.89-8.15). Conclusion: - This study revealed that just over half of the households in the study area practice good sanitation. However, a significant portion still faces challenges. The study underscores the critical need for targeted educational and awareness programs to improve sanitation practices in the area. By bridging knowledge gaps, fostering positive attitudes towards sanitation, enhancing sanitation infrastructure, and ensuring ongoing support from health extension workers, significant advancements in public health can be realized 74p.

ASSESSMENT OF ORAL HYGIENE PRACTICE AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN JIGJIGA TOWN, SOMALI REGION, ETHIOPIA

Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT

ASSESSMENT OF ORAL HYGIENE PRACTICE AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN JIGJIGA TOWN, SOMALI REGION, ETHIOPIA ZIYAD SHEIKHNUR ABDI; Negga Baraki (MPH, Assistant Professor); Dr. Roba Aragaw (PhD) Background:-Oral health is essential to general health, is a fundamental human right, and is one of the contemporary issues globally. However, poor oral hygiene among primary students is the major causes of public health problems in Africa including Ethiopia, contributed to dental caries and other periodontal diseases. Good practice of oral hygiene adopted as a preventive strategy against oral diseases to improve the well-being of children and families. In Somali region, there is limited awareness, poor access to quality water, sanitation, and health infrastructures which may lead to poor practice of oral hygiene. However, oral hygiene practice was low among students and little is known about the practice as well as factors contributing to it in Jigjiga. Objective:-To assess the prevalence of oral hygiene practice and its associated factors among primary school children in Jigjiga town, Somali region, Ethiopia, from October 15 to 25, 2025. Methodology:-A school based cross sectional study will be conducted in Jigjiga town among primary school children students. A total of 383children will be selected by systematic random sampling technique from randomly selected primary schools. Structured and pretested questionnaire will be used to collect information through face to face interview. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage and cross tabulation will be displayed. Binary logistic regression will be used to measure the association between dependent and independent variables and significant variables at p-value <0.2 will be further tested using multivariate analysis to identify independent factors associated with the practice of oral hygiene. P-value <0.05 will be considered to show the level of significance. Odds ratio with 95% CI will be reported for each predictors. Expected Outcome: The finding is expected to improve the practice of oral hygiene among primary school children in Jigjiga town by creating awareness to children, families and building the schools capacity to introduce oral health education program Proposed budget: The study needs a total budget of 60,658.00 Ethiopian Birr and will be covered by self. 53

ACCESS TO WATER AND SANITATION FACILITIES AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG HOUSEHOLDS IN THE SLUM AREAS OF JIGJIGA CITY, EASTERN ETHIOPIA

Sun, 01 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

ACCESS TO WATER AND SANITATION FACILITIES AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG HOUSEHOLDS IN THE SLUM AREAS OF JIGJIGA CITY, EASTERN ETHIOPIA MOHAMED SIYAD YUSUF; Dr. Abraham Geremew (PhD, Associate Professor); Yohannes Mulugeta (MPH, Assistant Professor) Background: Access to safe water and improved sanitation remains a major public health challenge in rapidly expanding urban slum areas of Ethiopia. However, there is limited empirical evidence examining both the level of access to improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services and their associated determinants in informal settlements of emerging regional cities. This study assessed access to improved water supply and sanitation facilities and identified associated factors among slum households in Jigjiga City, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia. Objective: To assess access to water supply and sanitation facilities and examine factors associated with improved water supply and sanitation among households in the slum areas of Jigjiga City, Somali Regional State, eastern Ethiopia, from 15 July to 31 August 2023. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 404 slum households in Jigjiga City from 15th July to 31st August 2023. 404 Households were selected using a systematic random sampling technique, whereby every 19kth household was chosen after a random starting point from a complete household list to ensure representative sampling. Data were collected from 404 selected households through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire and an observational checklist to assess household water and sanitation conditions. Data were coded, cleaned, and entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and exported to STATA version 13 for analysis. Model fitness was assessed using the log-likelihood ratio test. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with access to improved water supply and sanitation. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to determine associations, and statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05. Results: Nearly all households (99.3%) reported access to a drinking water source; however, only 30.7% had piped water on premises, while the majority (69.3%) relied on water vendors, classified as unimproved sources. Female-headed households were 49% less likely to have access to an improved water supply compared with male-headed households (AOR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.28–0.92). Households headed by individuals with secondary education (AOR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.14–5.40) and those with diploma-level education or higher (AOR = 4.62; 95% CI: 1.85–11.54) had higher odds of having piped water on premises compared with households headed by illiterate individuals. viii Compared with low-income households, middle and high-income households showed significantly higher odds of access to improved water supply (AOR = 3.42; 95% CI: 1.59–7.33 and AOR = 5.89; 95% CI: 2.67–12.97, respectively). Households residing in semi-permanent (AOR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.13–0.63) and temporary dwellings (AOR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.15–0.70) were significantly less likely to have improved water access. Access to improved sanitation facilities was reported by 30.9% of households. Household head education, household income, location of the water source, availability of handwashing facilities, and presence of soap or detergent were significantly associated with sanitation access. Households headed by individuals with diploma-level education or higher were more likely to have improved sanitation (AOR = 3.02; 95% CI: 1.20–7.62). Middle-income (AOR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.01–3.16) and high income households (AOR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.09–5.33) had higher odds of improved sanitation compared with low-income households. Households using piped water off-premises were 52% less likely to have improved sanitation (AOR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.22–0.97). Availability of handwashing facilities (AOR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.08–5.37) and presence of soap or detergent (AOR = 2.76; 95% CI: 1.20–6.36) were also positively associated with improved sanitation. Conclusion and Recommendations: Access to improved water supply and sanitation services in the slum areas of Jigjiga City remains limited and unevenly distributed, and is significantly associated with disparities in education, income, housing conditions, and gender. Strengthening water supply infrastructure, promoting community-based sanitation programs, implementing gender-sensitive WASH interventions, and expanding affordable piped water connections through public–private partnerships are important strategies for improving equitable WASH access in urban slum settings of Jigjiga City. 94

CUSTOMERS’ SATISFACTION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS ON SOLID WASTE COLLECTION SERVICE IN HARAR CITY, EASTERN ETHIOPIA

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT

CUSTOMERS’ SATISFACTION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS ON SOLID WASTE COLLECTION SERVICE IN HARAR CITY, EASTERN ETHIOPIA Ermiyas Worku Wegayehu; (PhD, ) Abreham Geremew; (Assis Prof) Negga Baraki Solid waste collection and disposal practices had a serious human health related problem. Community satisfaction on the practice of solid waste collection plays significant role for the success of the collection process. However, community’s satisfaction is not well explored in Harar, eastern Ethiopia. Objective: To assess customers satisfaction and associated factors on solid waste collection service in Harar town Eastern Ethiopia from September 1-30, 2023. Method: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted on 976 households in Harari region, Eastern Ethiopia. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire utilizing kobo tool box by visiting each household and analyzed using SPSS version16. A multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the association between customer satisfaction and independent variables. To measure the association between dependent and independent variables, Crude and Adjusted Odd Ratios with 95% Confidence interval were calculated. Variable with pvalue < 0.05 considered as statistically significant. Result: The current study revelaed that only 39.1% (95% CI: 36.2 – 42.1) of customers were satisfied by solid waste collection service. Factors such as educational status [AOR=4.8, 95%CI (2.3, 9.88)], household income [AOR= 0.14, 95%CI (0.09, 0.23)], having family size of 4-6 [AOR=5.6, 95%CI (3.16, 10)], waste segregation practice [AOR= 2.5, 95%CI (1.7, 3.8)], availability of vehicles for waste collection [AOR=2.99, 95%CI (2.1, 4.5)], thinking waste pollute the environments [AOR=5.7, 95%CI (3.6, 8.9)], and awareness on solid waste collection system [AOR= 4.1, 95% CI (2.57, 6.5)] were significantly associated at p value < 0.05 with customer satisfaction. Conclusion: Nearly three out of five customers are dissatisfied with the service. Educational status, monthly income, family size, waste segregation practice, availability of vehicles for waste collection, thinking that solid waste can pollute environment, and awareness on solid waste collection system were the associated factors. Improving solid waste collection service by increasing the personnel and vehicles is needed 78p.