Field epidemiology

Substance Use and Associated Factors among Adult HIV Infected Patients On Antiretroviral Treatment At Public Health Facilities Of Modjo Town, Oromia, Ethiopia

Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Substance Use and Associated Factors among Adult HIV Infected Patients On Antiretroviral Treatment At Public Health Facilities Of Modjo Town, Oromia, Ethiopia Gelano (BSc), Temesgen Background፡ Use of substances such as alcohol, khat and tobacco has become one of the rising major public health and socioeconomic problems worldwide. The global burden of disease attributable to alcohol and illicit drug accounts 5.4% of the total burden of disease. Sub-Saharan Africa exhibit very high levels of alcohol consumption, the most prevalent behavioral risk factors implicated in the transmission of Human Immuno Deficiency Virus. In Modjo town, although advances in Human ImmunoVirus treatment have resulted in morbidity and mortality reductions, the gains of Anti Retro viral Treatment may be attenuated by high rates of substance use. Objective; To assess prevalence of substance use and associated factors among Adult Retroviral Infected Patients on Anti Retro viral Therapy at Public Health Facilities of Modjo town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, from February 1- 20, 2020. Methods: Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 429 retro viral infected patients were selected by Systematic Random sampling technique. Data was collected through interview and checklist by using structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics like frequency mean and standard deviations were computed for most of the variables. Logistic regression model was used for controlling the possible effect of confounders. AOR along with 95% CI were estimated to measure the strength of the association; and to identify predictors of the outcome. Level of statistical significance was declared at P-value ≤ 0.05. Results: The prevalence of current substance use among Retro viral Infected patient was 104 24.2%, (CI: 20.3- 28.6). Being Males [AOR=1.94 (95% CI: 1.20 - 3.15)], Friend substance use [AOR=1.88 (95%CI: 1.13 - 3.13)], and family substance use [AOR=2.11 (95%CI: 1.49-4.00)] were factors significantly associated with substance use among retro viral infected patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of substance use disorder was high. Of the studied variables, sex, friend substance use, and family substance use were independently associated with substance use disorder. Giving Awareness on effect of substance use specifically focusing male user was recommended. Screening and cessation support should be offered at Anti Retro viral clinics in Modjo town Public health facilities. 57

ZERO DOSE VACCINATION AND DETERMINANT FACTORS AMONG CHILDREN12 23 MONTH-OLD-IN DEDER DISTRICT, EASTERN ETHIOPIA.

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT

ZERO DOSE VACCINATION AND DETERMINANT FACTORS AMONG CHILDREN12 23 MONTH-OLD-IN DEDER DISTRICT, EASTERN ETHIOPIA. Sintayehu Taye Alemu; Dr Merga Dheresa(MPH, MBA, PHD); Mr Moti Tolera(MPH, Ass-professor) Background:Child vaccination is one of the most cost effective public health interventions that reduces child morbidity and mortality.In most developing countries almost all top five disease for children morbidity and mortality were from vaccine preventable disease.(WHO, 2022)According to district 2021/2022 annual reports, pneumonia was top five child morbidity and measles outbreak occur in different period of time in this study area.(Office, 2021/2022) Objective: To assess zero-dose status and determinant factors among children12–23-month old in Deder district, Eastern Ethiopia from February1 to March1, 2024. Methods: Acommunity basedcross-sectionalstudy designwasconducted among randomly selected 431 respondents.The respondents drawn from 5 rural and 1 urban kebeles.Mothers/care givers with children 12-23 month old in the selected kebeles of the district was the study population and samples was selected by systematic random sampling methods, and zero dose children were those children who did not received any antigen of Penta-1.The data was collected by face to face interviewing mothers/care takers of child by using structured administered questioner. Collected data was entered into Epi-data and exported to SPSS, and analyzed by multinomial logistic regression. Results: The estimated zero dose vaccination prevalence was 15.37%,being from mothers with non-informal education increased the odds of being zero doseby AOR 8.1(95%CI: 1.05 10.01) and never attending ANC service increased odds of being zero dose by AOR 5.9 (95%CI: 1.6-21.6).Traveling less than 60 minutes to vaccination center decrease the odds of zero dose by 80% AOR 0.2 (95%CI: 0.08-0.5), facility delivery decrease the odds of zero dose by 94%AOR 0.06 (95%CI: 0.03-0.14), having good knowledgedecrease the odds of zero dose by 97% AOR 0.03(95%CI: 0.01-0.07) and satisfying by service provided decreases the odds being zero dose by 94% AOR 0.06(0.03-0.12). Conclusion:Educational level, ANC, travelling time to reach vaccination site, Place of delivery, family size, satisfaction to service and knowledge status was the main determinant factors, thus focusing on improvement of quality service by strengthening sustainable outreach service. 67

MOTHERS’/CAREGIVERS’KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF HOME MANAGEMENT OF DIARRHEA IN UNDER-5 CHILDREN AND THEIR HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIOR IN DEGAHBUR DISTRICT, EASTERN ETHIOPIA

Wed, 01 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT

MOTHERS’/CAREGIVERS’KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF HOME MANAGEMENT OF DIARRHEA IN UNDER-5 CHILDREN AND THEIR HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIOR IN DEGAHBUR DISTRICT, EASTERN ETHIOPIA Kadar Mahamed Abdi; Dr.Gezahegn Tesfaye; .Melkamu Merid Diarrhea is the passage of loose or watery stools occurring three or more times in 24-hours over several days affecting the body fluid balance and threatening survival. The commonly recommended home management of diarrhea is the use of oral rehydration therapy. Research on mothers’/caregivers’ knowledge and practice of home management of diarrhea in under-5 children and their health care seeking behavior is scanty in Somali region. Objective: - To assess mothers’/caregivers’ knowledge and practice of home management of diarrhea in under-5 children and their health care seeking behavior in Degahbur district, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods and materials: The study was conducted in Degahbur district, Somali region Eastern Ethiopia. A community based cross sectional quantitative study was conducted. The sample size of study was 580 households selected using systematic sampling technique. In each selected household only one mother/caregiver with index child was selected. The data was collected using a pre-tested and self-administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20. Summary statistics was conducted to describe the data. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were also conducted to measure the association between the outcome and predictor variables. On the bivariate analysis, variables with p value ≤0.25 were further considered in the multivariable analysis to verify the associations. Result: - Total of 580 respondents were participated with a response rate of 100%. Majority of the respondents had poor knowledge (60%), poor practice (57 %) on home management of diarrhea and not sought health care (55%) for their under-five children with diarrhea respectively. The knowledge of the mothers/caregivers was significantly associated with educational status whilst the practice of the mothers was significantly associated with family size and occupational status. The mothers’/caregivers’ health care seeking behavior for under five children with diarrhea was significantly associated with age and occupational status of the mothers/caregivers. Conclusion To improve the mothers’/caregivers’ knowledge and practices of home management of diarrhea, mothers should be empowered through expansion of women’s education and sustainable job creation for those mothers/caregivers who had no income generating job 85p.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MORTALITY AMONG HOSPITALIZED Covid-19 ADULT PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN DIRE DAWA, EASTERN ETHIOPIA: HOSPITAL BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDY

Mon, 01 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MORTALITY AMONG HOSPITALIZED Covid-19 ADULT PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN DIRE DAWA, EASTERN ETHIOPIA: HOSPITAL BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDY Dagmawi Abebe; Prof. Nega Assefa; (Assist. Profe) Assefa Tola Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 has become one ofthe leading causes of death worldwide, particularly among peoples with preexisting non-communicable diseases. However, a study involving only COVID-19 patients with underlying NCDs has not been studied before. Objective: To assess factors associated with mortality and compare baseline vital sign and laboratory parameters among hospitalized COVID-19 adult patients with chronic non communicable diseases in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia, December15, 2022 to January 15, 2023. Methods: Unmatched case-control study with a case to control ratio of 1:2 was conducted by reviewing the medical records of COVID-19 patients hospitalized between June1, 2020 and June 30, 2022. Cases and controls were selected by a simple random sampling technique from the same Hospital. Data were extracted using data abstraction tool. The data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1and analyzed using SPSS version 22 software. Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare baseline vital sign and laboratory parameters. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model were used for statistical analysis. AOR with 95% CI and p-value <0.05 were used to declared levelof statistical significance. Result: A total of 372 charts (125 cases and 247 controls) were included in the analysis. Charts with incomplete data 9(2.4%) were excluded. The mean age of cases was higher than that of controls (60 year (±14.7)) versus (53 year (±15.9)). Half of cases were 63(50.4%) female and 157 (63.6%) of controls were male. In multivariable analysis, age group 60 and above (AOR=2.5, 95% CI (1.1-5.63)), being male (AOR=0.5, 95% CI (0.32-0.92)), hypertension (AOR = 2, 95% CI (1.14- 3.35)), diabetes mellitus (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI (1.1- 3.16)), severe COVID-19 (AOR = 4.9, 95% CI (2.25- 10.86)), critical COVID-19 (AOR = 6.2, 95% CI (2.38-16.06)) and ICU admission (AOR = 2.9, 95% CI (1.5-5.56)) were significantly associated with an increased odds of COVID 19 mortality. Conclusion: Older age 60 year and above, having hypertension, being diabetic, severe disease, critical disease, and being hospitalized in the ICU were significantly associated with an increased odds of COVID-19 mortality. Whereas, being male had less chance of mortality. We recommend, maintaining and strengthening of preventive measures intensively addressing older age, female, hypertensive and diabetic COVID-19 patients and improving critical care serves 56p.