http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/45 Mon, 20 Apr 2026 12:21:27 GMT 2026-04-20T12:21:27Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8263 ASSESSMENT OF SEED PRODUCTION, SUPPLY AND QUALITY OF BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) IN ARSI, ETHIOPIA Diriba Gemechu Asefa; Prof. Wassu Mohammed (PhD); Dr. Zegeye Tirfe (PhD) A quality seed supply of improved wheat varieties is one of the productivity constraints in Arsi zone. The study was conducted to assess and identify bread wheat seed sources, factors affecting utilization of improved bread wheat seed, and determine seed quality of wheat varieties of different seed sectors. Two districts (Digeluna Tijo and Tiyo) and two kebeles in each district were selected by purposive multistage sampling method while random sampling technique was employed to select 140 respondents and collect seed samples of the two (Deka and Ogolcho) bread wheat varieties from 20 farmers. The seed samples of the two varieties were also collected from formal and intermediary seed sectors. The seed quality test was conducted in completely randomized design (CRD) in 4 replications as factorial combination of two wheat varieties and 3 seed systems. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, t-test and binary logistics model were used to analyze the data while analysis of variance and mean comparison of treatments were employed to analyze the data collected from laboratory seed quality test. The findings revealed that 57.85 and 42.25% of households were users and non-users of seeds of improved bread wheat varieties, respectively. Results from binary logistic regression model revealed that six (sex, education level, annual income, credit access, improved seeds availability, and membership in a farmer cooperative) independent variables are the determinant factors for the decision of farmers to use the seeds of improved bread wheat varieties. The interaction effect of seed system and variety was influenced on other seeds, weed seeds, inert matter, thousand seed weight, seedling dry weight, and seedling vigor index two, while the interaction effect of variety and seed source in a system was influenced on other seeds and weed seeds. The maximum mean of thousand seed weight (39.87 g), seedling dry (0.267 g), and seedling vigor index two (24.61) were recorded for the Deka variety collected from the formal seed system. The maximum mean of pure seed (99.72%), germination percentage (96%), and speed of germination (19.87) were recorded for seeds accessed from Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center. The research results suggested the importance of supporting the efforts of formal seed sectors to supply quality seed of high yielding and disease resistant improved varieties in the study areas. 98 Sun, 01 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8263 2024-09-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8210 EFFECT OF STORAGE DURATION ON SEED QUALITY, YIELD AND YIELD RELATED TRAITS OF COMMON BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) VARIETIES AT MELKASSA, CENTRAL RIFT VALLEY OF ETHIOPIA Kebede Leta Bekera; Prof.Wassu Mohamed; PhD) Yonas Moges Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Ethiopia is produced mainly from farm saved seeds stored for more than a year. However, the effect of storage duration on seed quality and yield of the crop is not quantified in the Central Rift Valley area. This research was therefore carried out to determine the effects of storage duration on seed quality, yield and yield related traits, and estimate the association of seed quality traits to yield and yield related traits of common bean varieties. Seed samples of four common bean varieties (Awash-1, Awash-2, Awash Mitin and Nasir) stored at ambient temperature at the same store for 10, 22 and 34 months were obtained from Melkasa Agriculture Research Center. The pre- sowing seed quality was determined in 3 x 4 in factorial combinations in completely randomized design with four replications while the field experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with four replications. The results of pre-sowing seed quality test revealed that all seed quality parameters significantly reduced as seed storage duration increased from 10 months onwards although the magnitude of reduction varied among varieties. Seed storage duration, variety and their interaction had significant effect on all yield and yield related traits except for days to flowering, days to emergence, maturity, plant height, and hundred seed weight. The variety Awash-2 seeds stored for 10 months produced a signficantly highest grain yield of 2768.8 kg ha-1 and the same variety exhibited lower yield by 764.5 (38.16%) and 676.5 kg ha-1 (32.35%) from seeds stored for 34 and 22 months, respectively. The grain yields of Nasir, Awash Mitin, and Awash-1 varieties were higher by 46.66, 28.97 and 34.24% for seeds stored for 10 months compared to that of seeds stored for 34 months, respectively. Mean of quality parameters from pre-sowing seed test had negative and significant correlations with days to emergence and maturity except with abnormal seedlings (%) and dead seed (%). The research findings suggested that the seeds of the varieties should be stored based on the knowledge of common bean varieties resilient to storage durations 70p. Fri, 01 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8210 2024-11-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8192 EFFECT OF SEED SOURCE AND RATES ON SEED QUALITY, YIELD AND YIELD RELATED TRAITS OF BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) VARIETIES AT KULUMSA, ARSI, ETHIOPIA Belay Kassa Bereded; Prof. Wassu Mohammed; (PhD) Karta Kaske Arsi zone is one of the major wheat production areas in Ethiopia, however, the yield of the crop is not to the level of the area's potential due to the limited supply of quality seed of improved varieties and seed rate used for production. This research was conducted to assess the seed quality of different seed sources, the effect of seed sources and seed rates on yield and yield related traits and estimate the association of seed quality, yield, and yield related traits of bread wheat varieties. The seeds of quality of Abay and Shaki varieties obtained from Oromia Seed Enterprise (OSE), Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center (KARC), and Ethiopia Agricultural Business Corporation (EABC) were evaluated in a completely randomized design with four replications. The seed samples at four seed rates (100, 125,150, and 175 kg ha-1) in factorial combination were evaluated for yield and related traits in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The interaction effect of Variety and seed sources had a significant influence on most of the seed quality. The interaction of variety and seed sources had a significant influence on the percentage of pure seeds, inert matter, seed germination, abnormal seedling and dead seeds, seedlings length, root length, vigor index I, and percentage of seed infection by Penicillium spp., Alternaria triticicum, Aspergillus flavus, and Rhizopus spp. The Shaki variety had a higher thousand seed weight (49.25g) and moisture content of seeds (13.08%). Seeds of the Shaki variety obtained from EABC and KARC, and seeds of the Abay variety obtained from OSE had a higher percentage of pure seeds (99.52 and 99.51%) whereas seeds of the Abay variety obtained from KARC had the highest percentage of seed germination (96.5%) and seedling vigor index I (2208.6). The phenology, growth traits, yield components and yield of the crop were significantly influenced by one, two, or three of the main factors. Days to 50% heading, many tillers, productive tillers, plant height, and spike length are significantly influenced by the interaction of variety, seed source, and seed rate and all possible two factors interaction except days to heading and spike length (cm) were not significantly influenced by the two factors interaction. number of kernels per spike was significant variation was observed due to the interaction of variety and seed rate and source and seed rate. Abay and Shaki varieties from seeds obtained from KARC at a seed rate of 150 kg ha-1 produced higher grain yields of 6.52 and 6.49 t ha-1, respectively. However, it had a nonsignificant difference in grain yield (6.32 t ha-1) produced by the two varieties from seeds collected from EABC and OSE at a seed rate of 175 kg ha-1, and grain yield of the Shaki variety from seeds obtained from KARC and OSE at a seed rate of 125 and 150 kg ha ha-1, respectively, and Abay variety from seeds obtained from all sources at a seed rate of 100 kg ha-1. The moisture content of seeds, speed of germination, seedling root length, dry weight, and vigor index II had positive and significant correlations with grain yield whereas the percentage of pure seeds, seedling shoot length, and vigor index I showed negative and significant correlations with grain yield. Based on the findings the combination of reliable seed sources (KARC) with a 150 kg ha-1 seeding rate improves the quality and productivity of bread wheat production at Arsi and similar Agro- ecologies. 91p. Fri, 01 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8192 2024-11-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/7976 FARMERS’ PERCEPTION AND SEED QUALITY EVALUATION OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)IN EAST ARSI ZONE, ETHIOPIA Meseret Alemu Wheat is one of the major cereal crops worldwide contributing to global food security and is the second most important food staple crop in Ethiopia. Wheat has considered to be a vital source of energy and protein for the people. Arsi Zone is Sustainable availability of good quality seed, Distribution and well- functioning seed system is vital development issue. The study was conducted with the objectives to generate to assess farmers’ perception of wheat seed quality in East Arsi zone; and to determine the quality of different wheat seeds from various seed sources during 2022 cropping season. The study consisted of survey was conducted in East Arsi Zone Hetosa, Chole and Lemubilbilo Districts. Three hundred sixty-four respondents were selected randomly from the three districts and six kebeles. The study identified that farmers used both Informal and Formal seed sources 48 %( n=175) from Formal and 52 %( n=189) from Informal sources for their wheat production. Majority of the respondents from 364 respondents 218 (60%) respondents had no concepts about seed quality. although seeds obtained from the formal seed system had from 364 respondents 364 (100%) about purity strongly agree, there are limitations in terms of availability and timeliness. According respondents wheat quality seed produced through contract farming are insufficient. The results obtained from the laboratory experiment showed that purity was significantly influenced by seed source.EABC and OSE both of seed enterprise seed samples had the highest purity than the Farmers sample seed for all varieties. Thousand seed weights had significantly difference by seed source and variety. The highest mean of thousand kernels weights (42.442g) was recorded seed sample of Daka variety obtained from farmers saved seed and the lowest (38.92g) seed sample of Kekeba variety. Moisture content, germination percentage, speed of germination, seedling shoot and root length, seedling vigour index I and II were significant by variety. The results from the field experiment revealed that Grain Yield was significantly influenced by both of seed source and variety. The maximum grain yield (4.4 t ha-1) Daka variety seeds from farmers seed source. And the lowest (3.4 t ha-1) Kekeba variety seeds from farmers. Days to50 % flowering, days to 90 % physiological maturity, height of plants, spike length, number of seeds per spike, thousand seed weight, biomass were significantly influenced by variety. In general, this study shows the presence as data from respondents farmers are using one type of seed for about >3 consecutive times without any change. However, they said that there is greater performance of Grain yield in the field condition and greater One thousand grain weight in the laboratory with contract farming of enterprise seed that they took each growing seasons. Therefore to combat these problems, it is better to apply:- Strict follow-up should be applied, providing quality seed for farmers on time, further study should be needed on quality and farming methods and on genetic quality of the seed. 80p. Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/7976 2024-06-01T00:00:00Z