Veterinary Microbiology

SEROPREVALENCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN SMALL RUMINANTS, ITS RISK FACTORS, KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE TOWARDS COMMUNITIES IN GARAWE DISTRICT, SOMALIA

Wed, 01 Nov 2023 00:00:00 GMT

SEROPREVALENCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN SMALL RUMINANTS, ITS RISK FACTORS, KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE TOWARDS COMMUNITIES IN GARAWE DISTRICT, SOMALIA Mustafe Mohamed Bile; Dr Ambachew Motbynor; DrYihenew Getahun Brucellosis is an important neglected bacterial zoonotic disease in sub-Saharan Africa, including Somalia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Garawe district, Nugal region, Somalia, from May 2022 to January 2023 to estimate the seroprevalence of small ruminant brucellosis and assess owners’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward brucellosis. A total of 384 sheep and goats were selected using a simple random sampling technique and screened for Brucella antibodies by the Modified Rose Bengal Plate Test, and positive samples were then further confirmed using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For the questionnaire survey, 384 households were selected randomly, and a structured questionnaire was used to assess owners’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward brucellosis. The overall bru cellosis seroprevalence was 4.7% in small ruminants (95% CI: 2.8-7.3), and the true seroprevalence was calculated as 5.2%. According to the multivariable logistic regression analysis, sex was found to be a potential risk factor for small ruminant brucellosis (P < .05). More specifically, female sheep and goats were 9.13 times (aOR 9.13, 95% CI: 1.18-70.33) more likely to become seropositive than males. The owners’ knowl edge, attitudes, and practices toward brucellosis were found to be low, and education level was associated with owners’ knowledge (χ2 = 16.78; P < .001), attitudes (χ2 = 19.4; P < .001) and practices (χ2 = 34.0; P < .001). There is also a significant association between owner knowledge, attitudes, and practices and seropositivity of brucellosis in sheep and goats. Moderate seroprevalence, together with insufficient knowledge, attitudes, and practices of owners, makes brucellosis a threat to animals and the entire community. Hence, raising community awareness of the disease is essential to reduce the impact on small ruminant productivity and the risks to public healt 76p.

SERO-PREVALENCE AND MOLECULAR DETECTION OF INFEC TIOUS BRONCHITIS VIRUS AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS FOR NON-VACCINATED CHICKEN IN HADIYA AND SILTE ZONES OF CENTRAL ETHIOPIA REGION

Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT

SERO-PREVALENCE AND MOLECULAR DETECTION OF INFEC TIOUS BRONCHITIS VIRUS AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS FOR NON-VACCINATED CHICKEN IN HADIYA AND SILTE ZONES OF CENTRAL ETHIOPIA REGION HABTAMU CHERINET HUNDITTO; Dr. Bruk Abraha (DVM, MSc, Associate prof.); Mr. Chala Dima (BVSc, MSc, Associate Researcher) Infectious bronchitis is one of the poultry diseases, which causes production loss due to egg dropping in layer chicken and low meat production in broilers. Thus, a cross-sectional study was conducted in the Hadiya and Silte Zones of the Central Ethiopia Region from November 2023 to April 2024 with the objectives of detecting the sero-prevalence of infectious bronchitis virus, the associated risk factors, and the circulating gene. The blood and swab samples were tested by using the indirect enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay and reverse transcriptase polymerization chain reaction respectively. Closed type of questionnaire was used to interview stock holders for the assessment of associated risk factors on pre-prepared variables. The data was analyzed using the descriptive statistics, and uni-variable and multivariable logistic re gression. From 384 serum samples, 57.8% (222/384) samples were positive for anti-IBV anti bodies and 16% (2/12) of tracheal swab samples were positive for molecular detection. Based on multivariable logistic regression analysis, IBV prevalence was significantly higher in chickens of Werabe Administrative Town of Silte Zone than Shashogo District of Hadiya Zone (p=0.01) and higher in the poorly ventilated farm than in good ventilated one (p<0.001). Based on the production purposes of the chickens, the odds of sero-positivity for IB was signif icantly higher in layers than in broilers (p=0.009). This study revealed higher sero-prevalence in farms which had no litter removed than in farms with litter completely disposed house with a significant difference (p=0.001). In conclusion, the sero-prevalence and molecular findings in the present study indicated that the clue for the presence of infectious bronchitis virus among the population of chickens, which is high enough to affect the poultry production. Therefore, strict biosecurity measures for the poultry houses should be applied. Further stud ies on the virus isolation and molecular characterization of the target gene of the virus in the study area are needed to specify circulating genotype. 85

ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR DETECTION OF MAREX DISEASE VIRUS FROM CLINICALLY SICK CHICKENS IN SELECTED AREAS OF OROMIA SPECIAL ZONE AROUND FINFINE, OROMIA REGION: ETHIOPIA.

Fri, 01 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT

ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR DETECTION OF MAREX DISEASE VIRUS FROM CLINICALLY SICK CHICKENS IN SELECTED AREAS OF OROMIA SPECIAL ZONE AROUND FINFINE, OROMIA REGION: ETHIOPIA. TOLCHA MITIKU; Dr. Bruk Abraha PhD; Mr. Kasaye Addamuu Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) is highly contagious, cell-associated, oncogenic herpesvirus that causes lymphoproliferative and neuropathic illness in domestic bird. In Ethiopia, it has been reported to be a potential threat to both local and exotic breeds in the backyard and commercial farming systems. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted to isolate and molecular detection of MDV from clinically sick chicken circulating in Oromia special zone around finfine from September 2021 to April 2022. The study employed outbreak investigation of poultry farms in these selected areas (Sululta, Chancho, Lega Dadi, Leg-aTafo, Sandaf, Dukam, Akaki, Sebeta, Burayu, And Holota). In total, 47 poultry farms were seen in 10 different towns, and 10 outbreaks were identified in six of those towns. A total of 31 chickens were sampled, and it was discovered that 24 of them (or 77.42%) acquired paralysis of the leg, while 26 (or 83.87%) also developed chicken rough and increased feather follicles, and all of the sick birds were exhibited additional complex clinical indications. Based on internal organ lesions from a total of 31sample (13 feather follicles, 10 spleens, and 8 livers) were inoculated on to confluent monolayer of CEF cells and incubated at 37°C in a humid incubator containing 5% CO2. After 3-7 days development of characteristic CPE for MDV were developed in 18(58.07%) sample (9 feather follicle (69.23%), 6 spleen (60%) and 3 liver 37.5%). All the isolates that were grown and developed CPEs show visible small plaques on CEF cell cultures starting from the 3rd day of the 3rd blind passage. From a total of 31 extracted DNA 25(80.65) of pooled sample tissue, PCR results revealed the presence of a 318 bp fragment of the MDV ICP4 gene. Thus, from 10 Spleen, 8 (or 80% of them), 13 Feather follicles11 (or 84.62%), and 8 Liver (or 75% of them) were confirmed as the MDV's causes. Therefore, from 10 Spleen, 8 (80%), 13 Feather follicles11 (84.62%), and 8 Liver (75%) were confirmed as MDV infected. As a result, the current study showed that Marek's disease (MD) occurrence, clinical and pathological symptoms, and severity of mortality were observed beyond the reach of immunization. Therefore, it was advised that further research be done on the molecular characterization and genomic type of the Marek's disease virus throughout the entire nation. 84

SEROLOGICAL DETECTION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS (BVDV) FROM SELECTED DAIRY FARMS IN JIMMA TOWN, SOUTHWEST ETHIOPIA

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT

SEROLOGICAL DETECTION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS (BVDV) FROM SELECTED DAIRY FARMS IN JIMMA TOWN, SOUTHWEST ETHIOPIA Meseret Mohammed Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is an economically important disease in most cattle-producing countries all over the world including Ethiopia and is caused by Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). The main purpose of the current study was to identify the type of circulating Bovine viral diarrhea virus in dairy cattle, to estimate the seroprevalence, and assess the risk factors associated with bovine viral diarrhea seroprevalence in dairy cattle in Jimma town of Oromia Regional State, south-western Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was employed to collect samples and relevant data from November 2023 to April 2024 from 48 dairy farms and 383 non- vaccinated animals. A total of 383 serum samples were subjected for the detection of Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) antibodies and antigens using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (ID Screen® BVD p80 Antibody). In addition, a one-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) enzyme mix (Qiagen®, California, USA) was used to detect the viral genome in pooled swab samples. Analytical statistics such as chi-square and multivariable logistic regression were used to present study findings using the SPSS version 26 statistical analysis tool. In the present study, a total of 72 (18.8%) (95% CI: 15.0-23.1) animals and 20 (41.1%) (95% CI: 27.6-56.7) farms were seropositive to BVDV antibodies. Based on chi-square analyses, age, history of respiratory problems, breeding system, production system, and animal housing system showed significant association (p<0.05) with bovine viral diarrhea seroprevalence. However, only the production system showed a significant association (p<0.5) at the farm level. On multiple logistic regression analysis, the odds of seroprevalence in adult animals was 2.2 (OR=2.2; p=0.02). In addition, animals with a history of respiratory problems and those housed in head-to-tail arrangements had 2.7 (p=0.205) and 4.8 (p=0.021), respectively the odds of becoming seropositive than their counter categories. All samples tested using RT-PCR and antigen detection ELISA were negative for BVDV antigen. The present study concludes that a considerable proportion of dairy cattle in the study area are exposed to BVDV. However, there is no evidence of persistent infection (PI) among the dairy farms in the study area. Thus, there is a need to apply effective management strategies against BVDV including, vaccination, biosecurity measures, and housing management 83p.