Abstract:
This study was aimed at identifying the distribution patterns of ABO and Rh-D blood group
system alleles among Hirna primary and secondary schools in 2015/16 academic year. Six
hundred volunteer students were involved to determine the ABO and Rh-D blood group
phenotypes, and to estimate allelic, and genotypic frequencies of the blood groups. The blood
sample was collected by qualified laboratory technicians using the standard clinical
procedures with sterilized needle from each student. The blood group of every individual was
determined on the basis of agglutination reaction with anti-sera and recorded as blood group
A
+
, B
+
, AB+
, O
+
or A-
, B
-
, ABand
O-
. The study revealed that blood group O is at the highest
frequency (47.83%) followed by blood group A (26.50%), B (20.00%) and the least
percentage frequency was blood group AB (5.67%). The allelic frequency distribution of ABO
revealed that i allele is highly frequent (0.687) followed by IA
(0.176), and I
B
(0.137).The RhD
distribution also varies among the four ABO blood groups. For Rh-D positive, O
+ was the highest frequent (44.33%) compared with A+
(24.17%), B+
(18.67%), AB+
(4.83%) and for RhD
negative, O- was the highest frequent (3.5%) compared with A-
(2.33%), B-
(1.33%), and
AB-
(0.83%) respectively. The total percentage of Rh-D positive was 92% and that of Rh-D
negative was found to be 8% as well as 'D' allele was highly frequent (0.7172) than 'd' allele
(0.2828). The genotypic frequency for ABO blood types shows that ii is the most frequent
(0.4714) followed IA
I
O
(0.2415), IB
I
O
(0.1888), I
A
I
B
(0.0484), IA
I
A
(0.0309), and IB
I
B
(0.019)
respectively, for Rh-D ID
I
D
is most frequent (0.5144) followed I
D
I
d
(0.406) and I
d
I
d
(0.0800).
Generally, O blood phenotype is the highest frequent and AB blood phenotype is the least
frequent in the study population.
