FREQUENCY OF ABO AND RH (D) BLOOD GROUP AMONG STUDENTS OF BORDODDE PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA

Abstract

The frequency of ABO and Rh-D blood group vary ethnically, geographically and from one population to another. Information on the distribution of ABO and Rh- D blood group is essential in relation to blood transfusion, clinical studies, genetic research and other health determination. There is no previous study reported the distribution of ABO and Rh- D blood groups in the population of Bordodde town. The aim of the present study was to determine Frequency of ABO and Rh (D) Blood Group phenotype, Alleles and Genotypes among Students. The present study was conducted on 384 volunteer school students, 264 males and 120 females selected for participation in the study with above grade five and above 15 years old. Blood samples were obtained from each volunteer participant and were used to determine ABO and Rh- D blood types using anti- sera buy using open slide test method. Blood group O and Rh positive have the highest frequency among the students while blood group AB and Rh- D negative have the lowest frequency. The ABO blood grouping data show that blood type O152 (39.56), was the most dominant blood type which was followed by blood type A 104 (27.08), blood type B 100 (26.05) and blood type AB 28 (7.29) was the least blood groups. Blood group Rh- D Rh+ 350 (91.15) was a blood group with highest frequencies and Rh 34 (8.85) was the least Rh- D blood frequencies. The phenotype percentage of Rh- D blood group system among the school student were Rh+ positive blood group was 350(91.15%) and Rh-D negative was 34( 8.85%) respectively. The genotypic frequencies of the ABO blood group were IA I A (0.0357), IA I O (0.2375), IB I B (0.0335), IB I O (0.2302), IA I B (0.0693) and IO I O (0.3938) respectively. In case of Rh D genotypic frequency of blood groups homozygous DD was more frequent than the others. The expected allelic frequencies of the present study were (0.1892), (0.1832), and (0.6276) for IA , IB and IO alleles respectively. For the Rh–D system the allelic frequencies were 0.7025 and 0.2975 for D and d alleles. The chi- square test for ABO blood group is 0.0999 and the chi square test calculated for Rh-D blood group is 0.0000,the statistical analysis result for both ABO blood groups observed and expected frequencies shows that there was no significance difference.