PREVALENCE OF UROPATHOGENIC BACTRIAL PROFILE, ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS OF ISOLATES AND ASSOIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG PATIENTS OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION VISITING HARAMAYA HOSPITAL, ESTERN ETHIOPIA

Abstract

Urinary Tract Infections is an infection caused by the presence and growth of pathogen anywhere in the urinary tract including a kidney, ureter, bladder, and urethra. Thus, the present study was aimed at identifying the predominant bacterial species causing Urinary Tract Infection, determining the antibiotic resistance patterns of uropathogenic bacteria isolated from Urinary Tract Infection patients visiting Haramaya hospital and the risk factors associated with Urinary Tract Infection among patients visiting Haramaya Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia. A crosssectional study design was used to collect 213 mid-stream urine samples among urinary tract infection patients. Samples were inoculated into Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient medium. A standard agar disc diffusion method was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility. Chisquare (X2) test and logistic regression were used to show association’s between the prevalence of bacterial uropathogens and explanatory variables and to identify the predictors of bacterial urinary tract infection, respectively. The most frequently isolated bacterial uropathogen in this study was Escherichia coli (79.5%), while, Staphylococcus aureus (11.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.5%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.8%) were the other isolates. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that there were statistically significant relationships (P<0.05) between Urinary Tract Infection causing bacteria and some of the important risk factors such as female sex, level of income, marital status, history of urinary tract infection, frequent sexual intercourse, and pregnancy,With respect to the antibiotic sensitivity test, the results revealed that Chloramphenicol (78.7%) was the most effective antibiotic against most isolates followed by Nalidixic acid (67.6%) and erythromycin (63.0%). In contrast, ampicillin (63.0%), ciprofloxacin (54.6%) and nitrofurantoin (53.7%) were the antibiotics to which most of the isolates have developed resistance. Hence this study confirms that the emergence of bacterial strains resistance to commonly used antibiotic agents is widespread phenomenon all over the world.