Abstract:
The ABO and Rh blood groups frequency varies worldwide and are not found in equal
frequency even among same ethnic groups. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining
the frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups among Students of Arsi University, Oromia
Region, Ethiopia. A total of 423 volunteer students were participated in the study. The
students were divided into 3 ethnic groups, Amhara 141, Oromo 141 and Tigray 141
students. And participants were selected purposefully through cross-sectional survey. Blood
samples were collected by Open Slide test method. A drop of each of the antisera; anti- A,
anti -B and anti- D was added and mixed with each blood sample and rocked gently for 60
sec to observe agglutination. As a result, different frequency distribution of the ABO blood
groups were recorded for the 3 ethnic groups. In Amhara ethnic group, the frequency showed
A (0.3262), B (0.2624), AB (0.0496) and O (0.3617). In Oromo ethnic group, the frequency
was A (0.3122), B (0.2482), AB (0.0354) and O (0.4042) while in Tigray students the
frequency showed A (0.2762), B (0.2131), AB (0.0284) and O (0.4824). The most prevalent
blood group was type O in all the 3 ethnic groups. The frequency distribution of Rh+
blood
group in Amhara, Oromo and Tigray ethnic groups were obtained as (0.9433), (0.9291) and
(0.9504) respectively; and the frequency of Rhblood
group was (0.0567), (0.0709) and
0.0496) in Amhara, Oromo and Tigray ethnic groups respectively. The Chi square value of
Rh for the Amhara, Oromo and Tigray ethnic groups were 4.4x10-7
, 4.4x10-6
and 3.5x10-7
respectively. The distribution of the overall observed frequencies of ABO blood group
phenotypes do not differ significantly from those expected under Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium (Goodness of fit X2 = 2.7x10-7
, df = 3, p > 0.05
