Abstract:
The ABO and Rh blood groups are the most frequently studied genetic markers in a large
group of people. The present study was aimed at providing information on the frequency of
ABO and Rh D blood groups phenotypes,alleles and genotypes among students of Enticho
Secondaryand Preparatory School. A total of 422 students were selected randomly among the
students of Enticho Secondary and Preparatory School. Blood samples were collected by
Open Slide Test method from May to June 2018. The expected frequencies of the ABO and Rh
alleles and genotypes were computed using the Hardy Weinberg equation. Blood group O,
Rh-positive had the highest frequency while blood group AB, Rh-negative had the lowest
frequency among the students. The frequency of the B-blood group (0.3175),was observed to
be greater than the frequency of the A-blood group (0.2038).Among the ABO blood groups,
the highest and the lowest frequency were observed for the O (0.4384) and the AB (0.0403),
blood groups respectively. The frequency of the IB
and IA
alleles were found to be 0.1986 and
0.1306, respectively. The frequencies of the heterozygous genotypes IA
I
O
and IB
I
O
expected
under the Hardy WeinbergPrinciple were 0.1756 and 0.2670, respectively while the
frequencies of the corresponding homozygous genotypes IA
I
A
and IB
I
B were 0.0172 and
0.0398 respectively. The Rh positive and Rh negative blood type had frequencies of 0.9716
and 0.0284 respectively. The D and the d alleles of the Rh blood group system had expected
frequencies of 0.8315 and 0.1685respectively in the students of Enticho. The chi square test
revealed that the studentes of Enticho is at Hardy Weinberg genetic equilibrium. Further
study at molecular level would definitely reveal the degree of genetic proximity among the
population
