BACTERIAL ISOLATES, ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PATIENTS WITH DIARRHEA VISITING ADAMA PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES, ADAMA, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA

Abstract

Diarrheal disease caused by bacterial pathogens is one of the most common illnesses in all age groups. Globally, there were nearly 1.7 billion cases every year causing >1,400 young children death daily. Lack of access to improved drinking water, improper waste disposal practice and being living in rural area are pre-determinant factors for the occurrence of diarrhea. Moreover, an emergence of antimicrobial resistance pathogenic bacteria has been posing a major public health problem worldwide. The Objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacteria causing diarrhea, its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated factors among patients with diarrhea visiting Adama public health facilities from February to March 2017, Adama, Central Ethiopia. Health facility based quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 232 patients with diarrhea. A convenient sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data collection involved face to face interview, stool culture and antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. The prevalence of bacteria causing diarrhea was 18.1%. Of which Shigella species, Salmonella species, Campylobacter species and Escherichia coli 0157 were 15.1%, 1.7%, 0.9% and 0.4% respectively. Those study participants who cannot read and write [AOR=11.1; 95% CI (2.0- 63.5)], wash hand by water only [AOR= 3.1; 95% CI (1.0-9.9)], and lack hand washing facility around latrine [AOR=3.4; 95% CI (1.4-8.3)] were more likely to be infected with bacteria causing diarrhea. Shigella species had shown resistance to Tetracycline (69%) and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (60%). Shigella species, Salmonella species and Escherichia coli 0157 showed 100% sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin. The multi-drug resistant rate of Shigella species was 25.7%. Like in this study diarrhea causing pathogens were reported higher. Educational status, hand washing with water only and lack of hand washing facility around latrine were associated with it. Higher drug resistances to Tetracycline and lower drug resistance to Nalidixic acid to were reported to Shigella species. Therefore, possible treatment with Ciprofloxacin, getting health information to prepare hand washing facility around latrine, use of detergents for hand washing before meal and after visiting toilet and strengthening and use of routine stool culture and drug susceptibility testing were recommended.