Sero-prevalence of Blood Born Infections and Associated Factors among Blood donors in Eastern Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Blood transfusion is a life-saving intervention and millions of lives are saved each year globally through this procedure. However, blood transfusions are associated with certain risks which can lead to adverse consequences. It may cause acute or delayed complications and carries the risk of the transfusion transmittable infections such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus and Syphilis. However, there is lack of information for the sero-prevalence and risk factor of blood born infections among blood donors on the study area. Objective: To determine the Sero-prevalence of blood born Infections and Associated Factors among Blood donors in Eastern Ethiopia from February 1 to March 30/2018. Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted among 500 blood donors in Eastern Ethiopia Blood Banks. Data were obtained by interview using a structured questionnaire and laboratory screening the four blood born infection test results. Data were entered using Epi data 3.1 and analysis was done using SPSS version 20 statistical software. Logistic regression model with p-value <0.05 was used to identify risk factors. Results: A total of 500 blood donors were screened during the study period. The overall prevalence of blood born infection was 62(12.4%): 95% CI: 9.4-15.3. Of which consists of Hepatitis B, Syphilis, Human immunodeficiency virus and Hepatitis C were 6.6%, 3.4%, 1.4% and 1% respectively. Family with HIV or hepatitis (AOR=2.91; 95%CI: 1.33, 6.33), giving care for Human immunodeficiency and Hepatitis patient (AOR=3.24; 95%CI: 1.49, 7.07), multiple sex partner (AOR=2.56; 95%CI: 1.21, 5.19), dental procedure (AOR=2.75; 95%CI: 1.20, 6.28), educational level (AOR=2.46; 95%CI: 1.24, 4.86) and occupation (AOR=0.136; 95%CI: 0.03, 0.61) were significantly associated. Conclusion: The prevalence of transfusion transmissible infection in this study was relatively high. The commonest was Hepatitis B followed by Syphilis. Factors such as multiple sex partner, dental procedure, and family with Human immunodeficiency or hepatitis, giving care of Human immunodeficiency or hepatitis patients, occupational status, donor type and educational level were significantly associated and identified as risk factors. Special emphasis may need to be given to two of the four infections (Hepatitis B and Syphilis) in Eastern Ethiopia