PHENOTYPIC,ALLELIC, AND, GENOTYPIC FREQUENCIES OF ABO AND Rh-D BLOOD GROUPS AMONG STUDENTS OF ODA NABE SECONDARY SCHOOL, DUKEM, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA

Abstract

Information on the distribution of ABO and Rh-D blood groups is essential in relation to blood transfusion, clinical studies, genetic research and other health determination. There is no previous study reported in the literature regarding the distribution of ABO and Rh-D blood groups in the population of Dukem town. The Aim of the present study was to determine the phenotypic, allelic and genotypic frequency of ABO and Rh-D blood groups among students of Dukem Oda Nabe Secondary School. Specifically the study was done to estimate the frequencies of the ABO and Rh-D blood group (types, alleles and genotypes). The present study was conducted on 384 (28.55%) volunteer school students [264(68.75%) males and 120 (31.25%) females] with the age range of 16-22 years. Blood samples were obtained from each volunteer participant and were used to determine ABO and Rh-D blood types using anti-sera by open slide test method. Blood group O and Rh positive have the highest frequency while blood group AB and Rh negative have the lowest frequency among the students. The ABO blood grouping data revealed that blood type O was the most predominant (39.85%) followed by A (26.82%), B (26.04⁒) and AB (7.29%). Rh+ was more common than Rh-(94.01% and 5.99%) respectively in Rh-D system. In the combined ABO and Rh-D blood groups system blood type O+ was most common (37.76%) followed by A+ (25%), B+ (24.23%), AB+ (7.03%), O- (2.08%), A- or B- (1.82%) and AB- (0.26%) respectively. Genotype frequencies of ABO blood type were IAIA (0.0354), IAIO (0.2364), IBIB (0.0336) IBIO (0.2304) IAIB (0.0689) and IOIO (0.3954) respectively. Genotype frequencies of Rh blood type were DD (0.5703), Dd (0.3698) and dd (0.0599) respectively.Allelic frequencies as calculated under the assumption of Hardy-Weinberg law were 0.1880, 0.1832 and 0.6288 for IA, IB and IO alleles, respectively. On the Rh-D status, the allelic frequencies were 0.7552 and 0.2448 for D and d alleles, respectively. Chi-square test is 0.1345 and 0.0000 for ABO and Rh blood groups respectively. The present study result was concluded that the frequencies of ABO and Rh-D blood groups vary among students of Oda Nabe secondary school in Dukem town, Oromia, Ethiopia.