FIVE YEARS’ MAGNITUDE OF PNEUMONIA AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE IN DARIMU WOREDA HEALTH CENTERS, ILU ABA BORA ZONE, SOUTH WESTERN ETHIOPIA

Abstract

Background: -Pneumonia is inflammation of the lungs, which makes breathing difficult and limits gaseous exchange. It is mostly caused by infectious agents and can be spread in different ways such as coughing and sneezing. Pneumonia is the number one infectious killer of children under age 5 globally and Time Trend of Pneumonia in under Five Children of Nepal on secondary data analysis showed that the year wise incidence of Pneumonia is having an increasing trend. Objective: -The objective study was to assess five years’ magnitude of pneumonia (from January 1,2012 to December 31, 2016) and associated factors among children under five years of age in Darimu woreda health centers, Ilu Aba Bora Zone, Oromia Region, Western Ethiopia from February 30 to March 30, 2017. Methods: -Health care facility based Retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. All under five years old children who had visited under five Outpatient diagnosis of Darimu woreda health centers were source of the study participant. The secondary data was obtained from Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness registration books in health centers. The total 5 health centers of the study area were stratified in to two strata one major and four minor health centers. Then in the first stage, two minor health centers were selected by simple random sampling technique and the one major health center was included purposively. In the second sampling stage, systematic sampling technique was done to select participants. The data was checked for completeness and then entered into EPI-Data version 3.02 for data editing and cleaning and analyzed by using SPSS version 20 software package. Logistic regression analysis (bivariate and multivariate) was used to assess the association between pneumonia and independent variables. Result: -Four hundred fifteen (415) records were included in the study. Among those Children who were included in the study, 221(53.3%) children were diagnosed for pneumonia. The minimum clinically diagnosed pneumonia cases of 47.9%, being reported in 2015, and the 8 maximum of 62.5% were reported in 2013. Place of residence(AOR=3.242; 95%CI=1.330,7.900), diarrhea (AOR=2.553; 95%CI=1.612,4.043), past history of measles(AOR=10.021; 95%CI= 1.239,81.249) and breast feeding status of the children(AOR=1.754; 95%CI=1.085,2.838) were the variables significantly associated with the occurrence of under five pneumonia. Conclusion and Recommendation: -During the five years, a relatively decreasing of the proportion of pneumonia among under five years of age children was observed. It also pointed out such modifiable risk factors of pneumonia as Place of residence, diarrhea, past history of measles and breast feeding status of the children. The woreda health office, in collaboration with the health facilities in the woreda, should design strategies to help community strengthen their knowledge on the benefit of exclusive breast feeding