ASSESSMENT ON THE PREVALENCE, PATTERNS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF DRUG RESISTANCE TUBERCULOSIS CASES, AMONG PRESUMPTIVE DRUG RESISTANCE TB CASES ATTENDING TO HARIRI HEALTH RESEARCH AND REGIONAL LABORATORY EASTERN ETHIOPIA

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis is a major global health problem and remains major cause of morbidity and mortality. In Ethiopia, despite the rising public health concern of drug resistance tuberculosis, patterns and factors underlying for spread of this disease are not well documented. Objective: To assess the prevalence, patterns and associated factors of drug resistance tuberculosis among presumptive drug resistance tuberculosis cases attending to Harari Health Research and Regional laboratories Eastern Ethiopia from March 15 to 30, 2017. Methods and Materials: Institution based Cross-sectional study design was used. Study participants were recruited from all 380 bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis cases, drug susceptibilities were done by line probe assay submitted to Harari Health and Research Regional laboratories for drug-resistance testing between January 2014 and December 2016. Data were retrieved using structured checklist which is adopted World Health Organization tuberculosis treatment guideline. Retrieved data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. Descriptive analysis was done to describe the frequency and percentage. To identify associated factors Bivariate and multivariate analysis with 95%CI was carried out. Result: A total of 380 culture confirmed TB cases were included in the study. The overall drug resistance rate during study period was 149 (39.2%). In multivariate logistic analysis male (AOR =2.115;95%CI (1.229-3.640)), Age 26-45 years (AOR=2.742;95%CI (1.247-6.026)), previous history of TB (AOR=4.081;95%CI (1.754-9.491)) treatment category failure and relapse (AOR=13.881;95%CI (7.022-27.438), AOR=2.291;95%CI (1.245-4.215)), HIV co-infection and bacterial load +3 and +2 (AOR =2.32;95%CI (1.263-4.262)), (AOR=3.838;95%CI (1.771-8.317) and AOR=(3.063;95%CI (1.328-7.063)) were significantly associated with drug resistance tuberculosis. Conclusion and recommendation: In this study drug resistance TB was high and mainly affects economically productive age group of the population and males. High rate of MDR TB was observed on previously treated cases, exposure to anti TB medicine was the leading risk factor. This is a threat to TB control program in Ethiopia so that diagnostic capacity for mycobacterial culture and DST should be expanded.