DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF MULTIBAND SIERPINSKI CARPET FRACTAL ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS APPLICATION

Abstract

In recent technological advancements, wireless communication systems play important roles in our life. An antenna is one of the necessary devices used in wireless communication. Currently, wireless communication systems require antennas that have higher performance, compact in size, low cost, multiband, and wideband for both commercial and military applications. The miniaturized shape of an antenna is the latest among all, which is known as microstrip patch antennas (MPAs). The MPAs can fully attain the above requirements. Various qualities of MPAs are reduced size of the antenna, operating in multiband frequencies, easy to manufacture and install, simple to build on PCB board, and easy to fabricate. The fractal geometric shapes were applied to MPA to develop a miniaturized, multiband, and wideband antenna for wireless applications with better performance. In this thesis, rectangular Sierpinski carpet, H-shape Sierpinski carpet, and modified (polygon) Sierpinski carpet fractal antennas are designed with various iterations. This thesis aims to design and simulate of multiband Sierpinski carpet fractal antenna for wireless applications. The proposed antennas are designed on FR-4 epoxy substrate, having a relative permittivity of 4.4 with an operating frequency of 1.8 GHz. The overall size of the proposed antenna is 60x50x1.6 mm3. The performance of the proposed antenna has been analyzed in terms of various antenna parameters such as VSWR, gain, directivity, efficiency, radiation pattern, return loss, bandwidth. Design and simulation are done using ANSYS HFSS (High-Frequency Structure Simulator) Software. The simulation results obtained from a modified (polygon) Sierpinski carpet fractal antenna in the fourth iteration shows at 8.8 GHz resonant frequencies, achieved better bandwidth of 981 MHZ, return loss of -21.80 dB, VSWR of 1.19, the gain of 9.23 dB, and directivity of 11.30dB. The proposed antenna is applicable for multiband wireless applications such as RMM, LLWAS, LDRLC, UWB, and Satellite communication at 8.8 GHz operating frequency.