Abstract:
Hospital based cross sectional study was carried out from November2018 to June 2019 in Akaki Tirunesh Beijing Hospital, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia. The objectives of this study were to determine the sero-prevalence of HIV infection among tuberculosis (TB) patients with special emphasis on pulmonary tuberculosis smear negative (PTB-), pulmonary tuberculosis smear positive (PTB+), and extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) infections as well as their association with socio-demographic characteristics and behavioral activities of TB patients. Using serial sampling method, a total of 384 TB patients aged from 15 to 59 years old were included in this study. The samples were collected from all people living with TB until the sample size was reached. Pre-tested and structured questionnaires were utilized to collect socio-demographic data. Blood samples were collected from 384 TB patients and were subjected for diagnosis of HIV using Modified HIV test kits. Data were analyzed using SPSS version-20. Chi-square and odd ratio was used to verify possible association between HIV infection and exposure with different risk factors. Out of the 384 TB patient, 41(10.7%) were found to be positive for HIV infection.The highest rate was observed in the age group 25 to 34 years. The HIV positivity rate was higher in male 23(6.0%) than female 18(4.7%).Being married patients had high proportion of HIV positivity. Those widowed patients was found to be associated with serum HIV positivity. Being urban was found to be associated with serum HIV positivity. The HIV positivity rate was higher for pulmonary tuberculosis compared to extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Smear negative pulmonary patients were found to be significantly associated with HIV sero positivity compared with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis. The over all HIV sero prevalence rate was 41(10.7%). Of these, 21 (5.5%) were with PTB-, 16 (4.2%) were with PTB+ and 4 (1.0%) were with EPTB., It was concluded that HIV infection is highly prevalent among smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis patients, young age group, people who had history of STD, history of multiple sexual partners. Finally, the need for dual strategy in controlling the dual epidemic is recommended.
In general, this study shows that the CD4+ T cell counts <200 cells/μl TB patients had high probability of association with HIV/ADIS. Therefore, HIV screening and regular monitoring of CD4+T cell counts of these TB patients were help to reduce the mortality and morbidity with administration of appropriate therapy.
