OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADULTS WITH HIV ATTENDING HIWOT FANA SPECIALIZED COMPREHENSIVE HOSPITAL, EASTERN ETHIOPIA

Abstract

Opportunistic infections (OIs) continue to cause substantial morbidity on patients with HIV infection and contribute to mortality. There has not been any study made on the prevalence of opportunistic infection among HIV patients on ART at current study area. To fill this gap prevalence study was conducted on HIV patients under treatment. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of Opportunistic Infections among HIV patients taking Anti-Retro viral Treatment in Hiwot Fana Specialized Comprehensive Hospital from September 01/2010-February 28/2021. Methods: Institutional based Retrospective study was designed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of Opportunistic Infections among HIV patients. This study was conducted among 655 study participant. Data was collected by reviewing the chart of the patients. The data was entered into Epi data version 3.1 and transferred to SPSS version 22 software package for analysis. Results: Out of 655 study participants 195(29.8%) of them had Opportunistic Infections. The most common Opportunistic Infections were oral candidiasis 86(13.1%), followed by chronic diarrhea 64(9.8%) and tuberculosis 41(6.3%). Being female patients (AOR=1.801 95% CI=1.159,2.798), younger than 40 years (AOR=.465 95% CI=.298,.725), University/College education (AOR=9.056 95% CI=3.159,25.963), good ART adherence (AOR=2.488 95% CI=1.224,5.056), patients with Bed ridden functional status(AOR=2.676 95% CI=1.430,5.009), patients with no used Cotrimoxazol preventive treatment(AOR=.370 95% CI=.216,.634), were found to have strong association with occurrence of Opportunistic Infections. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of Opportunistic Infections observed in this study. Females, age less than forty, educated people, lower level of adherence, taking Cotrimoxazole preventive therapy, bed ridden and ambulatory functional status were found to be associated factors for OIs.