TUBERCULOSIS IN PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES OF ODO SHAKISO DISTRICT, GUJI ZONE, OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIA

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide and the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. In 2019, about 10 million people developed TB and 1.4 million died in the world. Currently, Ethiopia is one of the 30 high TB burden countries and also one of the 14 countries within the three lists of the new WHO classification of high burden countries. Comparing the Tb incidence of study area with zonal and national level, for three consecutive years starting from 2017, it was by far higher than both zonal and national incidence each year. But the determinant factors were not studied in this district. Objective: To assess determinants of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis in public health facilities of Odo shakiso district, Guji Zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia, June 2021. Methods: A facility based case control study was conducted from 15-30 June 2021 among 118 cases and 236 controls in Odo shakiso district. The sample size was estimated by OPEN EPI statistical software and proportionally distributed to health centers based on their case loads. Cases were randomly selected while controls were systematically. Data was entered to Epidata and analyzed by SPSS version 22. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the associated factors. Odds ratio with 95% CI was used to address the strength of association between dependent and independent variables. Statistical level of significance was declared at p value < 0.05. Results: primary occupation of being miner (AOR: 5.8; 95% CI: 1.34-25.0), education status of not formally educated (AOR: 2.04; 95% CI, 1.1-3.8), being HIV positive (AOR: 3.6; 95% CI: 1.18–11.2), having contact history with TB patient (AOR: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.87–6.36 and Body Mass Index <18.5 (AOR: 6.2; 95% CI: 3.5–11.07) were associated with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion: primary occupation of being miner, education status of not formally educated, being HIV positive, having contact history with TB patient and BMI <18.5 was risk factors for smear positive PTB. Health, mining and energy and education sectors should work together to increase awareness of community there by halt tuberculosis transmission.