Prevalence of Neonatal Sepsis and its Associated Factors among neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia

Abstract

There are an estimated 2.9 million deaths worldwide from sepsis every year (44% of them in children under 5 years of age) and one quarter (one-fourth) of these are due to neonatal sepsis. Neonatal sepsis is the major newborn killer in Ethiopia, which accounts for more than 33% of neonatal deaths. Despite implementing different preventive interventions, high prevalence of neonatal sepsis is reported in different areas of Ethiopia. Identification of associated factors and early initiation of therapy can significantly reduce the burden of neonatal death. Objective: This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of neonatal sepsis and associated factors among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital from Jun 20 to Jul 19, 2020 G.C. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 414 neonates admitted in the hiwot fana specialized university hospital from January 2016 to December 2019. Data was collected using structured checklist through chart review of selected samples. It was entered into Epi Data 3.1 and exported to Stata14 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were used to assess the association between each independent variable and the outcome variable by using binary logistic regression. Statistical significance was declared at p<0.05. Results: Of all 414 neonatal chart reviewed, 264(63.7%) had neonatal sepsis. from this 80% and 20% of them developed early and late onset neonatal sepsis respectively. This study found out that neonate age[(AOR = 3.61;95% CI = (1.71-7.62)], residence[(AOR=1.70;95% CI = (1.08 -2.67)], antenatal care follow up[(AOR=0.61;95% CI =(0.38 - 0.97)], duration of labor[(AOR=0.40;95% CI=(0.18-0.89)], premature rupture of membrane [(AOR= 1.66;95% CI= (1.04 - 2.66)], meconium-stained amniotic fluid[(AOR=1.92;95%CI=(1.08-3.43)], birth asphyxia [(AOR=2.25;95%CI=(1.32-3.82)] and neonatal comorbidity [(AOR=1.98;95%CI=(1.15-3.42)], were significantly associated with neonatal sepsis. CONCLUSION: The study show that the prevalence of neonatal sepsis at hiwot fana specialized university hospital was high. This study also identified that maternal and neonatal factors are significantly associated with risks of neonatal sepsis. It is therefore recommended that early diagnosis and prompt intervention need to a woman who had PROM and Prolonged labour, using aseptic equipment while providing neonatal and maternal health care services and Provision of community health education. Which can significantly decrease the risk factors of neonatal sepsis.