EFFECTS OF CROTON COMPOST ON SELECTED SOIL PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF FRENCH BEANS (Phaseolus vulgaris L) IN LAIKIPIA EAST, SUBCOUNTY, KENYA

Abstract

Soil fertility depletion in smallholder farms is the fundamental biophysical root cause for declining per capita food production in Sub-Saharan Africa. Climate change exacerbates the problem of poor soil health. The combined use of mineral and organic fertilizers in ways that are adaptable to local conditions has the potential to achieve efficient nutrient use and result in improved yields for staple food crops. Despite multiple efforts made by the government of Kenya and international partners, soil health continues to deteriorate in the central highlands. This study was conducted in Sportee village of Laikipia East sub-County, Kenya, to investigate the effects of croton compost on selected physicochemical properties of soil, principally soil moisture retention capacity and the yield and yield components of French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) crop during the short rains season of 2021. Six treatments including, Control; Eco Planting Mix 2t/ha; Eco Top Dress 2t/ha; Eco Planting Mix 2t/ha + Eco Top Dress 2t/ha; Eco Planting Mix 2t/ha + Calcium Ammonium Nitrate 75Kg/ha and Di-ammonium Phosphate 100Kg/ha + ETD 2t/ha, were laid out in randomised complete block design in three replications. The study found that croton compost had a significant improvement (P ≤ 0.05) on pH, total N, organic carbon, available P, Mg, Mn and Fe in various treatments. It also showed that croton compost relatively increased moisture retention capacity of soil in the ETD 2t/ha and DAP 100Kg/ha + ETD 2t/ha treatments at 17.02% and 17.21% respectively. Highest leaf area index was observed in EPM 2t/ha + CAN 75Kg/ha treatment (31.66 mm2) while control recorded the lowest (24.44 mm2) at (P ≤ 0.05). The treatments EPM 2t/ha, ETD 2t/ha and DAP 100Kg/ha + ETD 2t/ha had significant increase in yield of 46, 26 and 17% respectively (22.75 t/ha, 19.74 t/ha and 18.26 t/ha) against control (15.63 t/ha) at (P ≤ 0.05). The study concludes that compost addition likely improved French beans root growth and thus indirectly improved nutrient uptake by the plants with consequent marginal increases in leaf area development and crop yield. Further study is recommended over longer periods of time to exhaustively determine the long term effects croton compost would have on some physiochemical properties such as hydraulic conductivity, organic carbon and micronutrients. It would also aid in recommending the best treatment combination with the highest marginal rate of return over time since in this study all the treatments had a positive cost benefit ratio thus all were profitable