Determinants of Vaccination Dropout among Children 12-23 Months Age in melka belo District of East Hararge Zone, East Ethiopia

Abstract

Back ground: Child mortality and morbidity is still high in developing countries due to low vaccination coverage and outbreaks of vaccine preventable diseases. Despite increase in National immunization coverage, reports indicate that vaccination coverage in Ethiopia, XI including in the study area is much lower than the world health organization recommended 90%, with high dropout rates among children 12-23 months of age. Objective: To assess determinants of vaccination dropout among children 12-23 months in Melka belo district East Hararge Zone East Ethiopia in January 15 to februatry10/5/23 Methods: A community based case-control study design was conducted in the seven (1 urban and 6 rural) randomly selected kebele of Melka belo district. All dropout and fully vaccinated were listed from expanded program immunization registration book of the selected kebele health facilities, finally 408 (136 cases & 272 controls) was selected by a simple random sampling proportionally to the size of each kebele. Data was collected by using a pre tested structured questionnaire from mothers or care givers of the children and was confirmed by vaccination card and Bacillus Chalmette Guerin scar. Data was entered into Epi Data version 3.1, Exported to SPSS version 22 for analysis. Multivariable variable model was used to identify determinants with 95% CI and p-value <0.05. Result: From the total 408 mothers sampled who had12‒23 month-old children, 403 (135 cases and 268 control) was participated in the study with a response rate of 98.7 %. Children who were in birth order of fifth and greater birth order [AOR= 1.9 (95%CI: 1.12-3..5], children whose mother walk 31–60 and>60 minute to reach nearby vaccination site, [AOR =4.07,95% CI: 2.0-7.9] and [AOR=4.9,95% CI: 2.3-10.2] respectively and child whose mother were not counseled [AOR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.45-4.5), mothers attend ANC >=3,[AOR=0.22, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.48] and satisfaction with vaccination service provider [AOR=6.1, 95%CI: 3.3-11.25],were significantly associated Conclusion: Birth order, distance to vaccination site, counseling about vaccination, attending ANC service and satisfaction to service provider were the factors. Therefore increasing and strengthen outreach vaccination site, strict follow and enhancing maternal healthcare utilization may improve vaccination coverage