Abstract:
Calf diarrhea remains the major health challenges in cattle herds and is the most common cause
of morbidity and mortality in neonatal calves. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Three
Woredas of West Harerghe from October 2022 to March 2023 with the objectives to identify
salmonella and E. coli infection in diarrheic calves, to assess associated risk factors for
occurrence of calf diarrhea, and to assess the young stock management practices and knowledge
gaps of livestock producers. Identification of the bacteria was confirmed on the basis of their
morphology, staining, cultural and biochemical tests. From the total of 98 fecal samples
examined, 60 (61.22%) were found to have at least one case of calf diarrhea. The prevalence of
only E. coli was 37.75%, only Salmonella was 6.12% and mixed infection with the two bacteria
was 17.35%. Based on Chi-square analysis results, factors such as; Breed, feeding time of
colostrum, Calving location, Teat size, Naval treatment and Herd size were significantly
associated with Calf diarrhea(p< 0.05) but on multivariable logistic regression analysis study
area and feeding time of colostrum were found significantly associated (P<0.05) with calf
diarrhea. Thus the odds of being positive for diarrhea was higher in calves fed > 12 hours
(OR=9.3; 95%CI= 2.889-30.00; p=0.000). Furthermore, data regarding the management of the
farms were generated through pretested questionnaire and direct observations. Calves reared in
extensive system of management were the most susceptible (73.5%) while those reared under
semi intensive system of management extensive system were least susceptible (26.5%) to
bacterial scours. Therefore Based on those findings, calf diarrhea was found to high and could
affect dairy production and it can be controlled through improved management practices as well
as selected drugs to minimize the problem.
