FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MORTALITY AMONG HOSPITALIZED Covid-19 ADULT PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN DIRE DAWA, EASTERN ETHIOPIA: HOSPITAL BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDY

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 has become one ofthe leading causes of death worldwide, particularly among peoples with preexisting non-communicable diseases. However, a study involving only COVID-19 patients with underlying NCDs has not been studied before. Objective: To assess factors associated with mortality and compare baseline vital sign and laboratory parameters among hospitalized COVID-19 adult patients with chronic non communicable diseases in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia, December15, 2022 to January 15, 2023. Methods: Unmatched case-control study with a case to control ratio of 1:2 was conducted by reviewing the medical records of COVID-19 patients hospitalized between June1, 2020 and June 30, 2022. Cases and controls were selected by a simple random sampling technique from the same Hospital. Data were extracted using data abstraction tool. The data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1and analyzed using SPSS version 22 software. Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare baseline vital sign and laboratory parameters. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model were used for statistical analysis. AOR with 95% CI and p-value <0.05 were used to declared levelof statistical significance. Result: A total of 372 charts (125 cases and 247 controls) were included in the analysis. Charts with incomplete data 9(2.4%) were excluded. The mean age of cases was higher than that of controls (60 year (±14.7)) versus (53 year (±15.9)). Half of cases were 63(50.4%) female and 157 (63.6%) of controls were male. In multivariable analysis, age group 60 and above (AOR=2.5, 95% CI (1.1-5.63)), being male (AOR=0.5, 95% CI (0.32-0.92)), hypertension (AOR = 2, 95% CI (1.14- 3.35)), diabetes mellitus (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI (1.1- 3.16)), severe COVID-19 (AOR = 4.9, 95% CI (2.25- 10.86)), critical COVID-19 (AOR = 6.2, 95% CI (2.38-16.06)) and ICU admission (AOR = 2.9, 95% CI (1.5-5.56)) were significantly associated with an increased odds of COVID 19 mortality. Conclusion: Older age 60 year and above, having hypertension, being diabetic, severe disease, critical disease, and being hospitalized in the ICU were significantly associated with an increased odds of COVID-19 mortality. Whereas, being male had less chance of mortality. We recommend, maintaining and strengthening of preventive measures intensively addressing older age, female, hypertensive and diabetic COVID-19 patients and improving critical care serves