PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ROOT BARK EXTRACTS OF CALPURNIA AUREA (AITON) BENTH

Abstract

All parts of Calpurnia aurea are traditionally used for the treatments of diarrhea,live stock ticks and antiinflammentery.The present study was carried out to investigate phytochemicals constituents and evaluation of antimicrobial activities of the root bark extract of calpurnia aurea. Accordingly, the chloroform and methanol extacts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening was tested by using standard procedures and methods and the result showed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, saponnins, tannin and flavonoid in both chloroform and methanol extcat of Calpurnia aurea. Fractionation of chloroform extract by column chromatography led to the isolation of two compounds namely; CA-1,Calpurnine and CA-2,(10E,13Z)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl 9-methylheptadeca-10,13-dienoate). Among which the constituents of root bark extract includes Calpurnine were considered as major constituents. The two isolated compounds the antimicrobial activity test were carried out and the highest activity was exhibited by fraction CA-1 against three bacteria such as S.typhi, S.aureus and S.pyogen, respectively and the highest antifungal activity test were recorded by CA-2 against A.Niger,A,Verticola and C.Albica. Isolated fraction ,exhibited medium antimicrobial activity against E. coli and having high activity against S.typhi.The structure of the two compounds were established by UV-Vis, IR and 1D-NMR spectroscopy.Thus the present study supported the traditional claims of the plant.