Treatment outcome, and associated factors of measles infection among children admitted to Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Harar, eastern Ethiopia

Abstract

Measles is a highly contagious serious airborne disease caused by a virus that that can lead to severe complications and death. It has a case fatality rate of 3 – 6% and may reach as high as 30% in infants. Measles is one of the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in children of developing countries. Globally in 2023, there was an estimated 107,500 measles deaths, mostly among unvaccinated or under vaccinated children under the age of 5 years. Even though Measles is the leading problem there is no study done on the treatment outcome and associated factors in Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Treatment Outcome and associated factors among Measles cases admitted to Hiwot Fana comprehensive Specialized Hospital from July 1, 2020- June 30, 2024. Data will be collected using a data extraction tool from February 15, 2025- February 28 2025. Methods: Facility-based Retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 422 children’s admitted to at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital with the diagnosis of Measles from July 1, 2020 up to June 30 2024. A systematic sampling technique was used to select the participants and data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data was entered into environmental performance index data 7 and analyzed using the statistical package of social sciences version 27. A bivariable logistic regression analysis was done to select the variables to be entered into the final logistic multivariable analysis. Explanatory variables with p value less than or equal to 0.25 in bivariable logistic regression analysis was entered into the multivariable logistic regression analysis model and association between the independent variables. Every variable with P-values less than 0.05 in the multivariable logistic model was considered as statistically significant.Result: A total of 422 infants and children with measles infection were included in the study. Of the 422, 28 (6.6%) died with 95% CI (23.9-33.8%). In multivariable analysis, being referred on arrival (AOR= 3.136, 95%CI: 1.007-9.764), requiring IV fluids/ORS/RESOMAL (AOR-6.765 95%CI 1.426-32.095), requiring INO2/CPAP (AOR=15.67 95%CI: 3.741-65.627) and requiring vasopressors (AOR= 14.449 95%CI 1.832- 113.988) were factors significantly associated with mortality.