Abstract:
Background: Antiretroviral treatment failure occurs when the drugs fail to control the HIV
Virus. Global efforts to combat first line antiretroviral treatment failure were improved.
However, gaps remain concerning the determinant of first line antiretroviral treatment failure
particularly, in Dire Dawa. This emphasizes the need to study the determinants of first line
antiretroviral treatment t failure among HIV infected patients in Dilchora Hospital in Dire Dawa,
Ethiopia
Objective: To identify the determinants of first line antiretroviral treatment failure among
Human immune virus infected adults in Dilchora General Hospital in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia from
February 20 to March 20, 2018
Methods: Institutional based case control study was conducted from February 20 to March 20,
2018. Cases were patients who experienced first line antiretroviral treatment failure and controls
were those without failure. Data were collected from 141 cases and 282 controls by chart review.
Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression carried out to show the
characteristics of the study participants and to identify the determinants of first line antiretroviral
treatment failure with P-value<0.05 significance level
Result: Low baseline cluster designation 4 count <200 [AOR=2.88, 95% CI: 1.78, 4.67], history
of opportunistic infection after ARV initiation [AOR= 1.99, 95% CI: 1.25, 3.16], Stavudine
based first line ARV [AOR=1.88, 95% CI: 1.07, 3.34] and Tenofovir based first line ARV
[AOR=2.73, 95% CI: 1.52, 4.89]were significantly associated with first line antiretroviral
treatment failure.
Conclusion: Low baseline cluster designation 4 count, history of opportunistic infection,
Stavudine and Tenofovir based antiretroviral drugs were the determinants of first line
antiretroviral treatment failure. Therefore, Regional Health Bureau in collaboration with
stakeholders should strengthen the promotion of the importance of early screening and taking
antiretroviral treatments through Health education. Moreover, patients and clinicians should
closely monitor the occurrence of opportunistic infection after initiating antiretroviral drugs.
