DETERMINANTS OF FIRST LINE ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT FAILURE AMONG HIV INFECTED ADULTS PATIENTS IN DILCHORA HOSPITAL IN DIRE DAWA, ETHIOPIA: A CASE CONTROL STUDY

Abstract

Background: Antiretroviral treatment failure occurs when the drugs fail to control the HIV Virus. Global efforts to combat first line antiretroviral treatment failure were improved. However, gaps remain concerning the determinant of first line antiretroviral treatment failure particularly, in Dire Dawa. This emphasizes the need to study the determinants of first line antiretroviral treatment t failure among HIV infected patients in Dilchora Hospital in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia Objective: To identify the determinants of first line antiretroviral treatment failure among Human immune virus infected adults in Dilchora General Hospital in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia from February 20 to March 20, 2018 Methods: Institutional based case control study was conducted from February 20 to March 20, 2018. Cases were patients who experienced first line antiretroviral treatment failure and controls were those without failure. Data were collected from 141 cases and 282 controls by chart review. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression carried out to show the characteristics of the study participants and to identify the determinants of first line antiretroviral treatment failure with P-value<0.05 significance level Result: Low baseline cluster designation 4 count <200 [AOR=2.88, 95% CI: 1.78, 4.67], history of opportunistic infection after ARV initiation [AOR= 1.99, 95% CI: 1.25, 3.16], Stavudine based first line ARV [AOR=1.88, 95% CI: 1.07, 3.34] and Tenofovir based first line ARV [AOR=2.73, 95% CI: 1.52, 4.89]were significantly associated with first line antiretroviral treatment failure. Conclusion: Low baseline cluster designation 4 count, history of opportunistic infection, Stavudine and Tenofovir based antiretroviral drugs were the determinants of first line antiretroviral treatment failure. Therefore, Regional Health Bureau in collaboration with stakeholders should strengthen the promotion of the importance of early screening and taking antiretroviral treatments through Health education. Moreover, patients and clinicians should closely monitor the occurrence of opportunistic infection after initiating antiretroviral drugs.