Abstract:
Background: Diarrhea, particularly due to enteric bacterial pathogen and their antimicrobial
resistance is a major health problem worldwide. In developingcountries like Ethiopia,Salmonella
and Shigellia are among varity diarrheal pathogens which cuases under five morbidity and
mortality.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence ofSalmonella and Shigellia,antibiotic susceptibility
pattern and associated factors among under fivechildren with diarrhea atHiwot Fana Specialized
University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia fromJanuary 10, 2018 to April 10, 2018.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 369under five children with diarrhea
attendingat Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital. Astructured questionnaire was used for
collection of data on socio-demographic characteristics and associated factors. Stool sample
wascollected, cultured and antimicrobial susceptibility was perfomed on salmonellaand
shigella.Data was analysed using SPSS version16 soft ware. A P value ≤ 0.05 was considered
statistically significant.
Result:The overall prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella was16.8%,)[Salmonell (10.6%) and
Shigella(6.2%)spp].Higher resitance of Salmonella sppfor Tetracycline(59.0% and Shigellia
spp for Cotrimoxazole (73.9%), Tetracycline (69.6%) and Chloramphenicol (43.5%).Child age
less than 1 year (AOR=0.096;95% CI=0.03,0.29) and tap water and bottled water
(AOR=0.03;95% CI=0.01,0.12) less likely , family monthly income< 1000 ETB(AOR=2.2;95%
CI=1.1,4.2) and parents hand washing habit before food preparation and feeding the child
(AOR=2.01;95% CI=1.1,4.2) wre higher odds aquring Salmonella and Shigella infection
Conclusion and Recomendation:Salmonella and Shigellia identified in this study was found
high. Age of child, family monthly income, mothers hand washig habit and source of drinking
water were idetfied factors. Mother should improve their hand washing and safe water supply to
mother is also recommended by the regional water supply organization. Gentamycin, Nalidixic
acid and Norfloxacin can be used for an empirical treatment Salmonella and Shigellia infection
in the hospital.
