PREVALENCE, ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PATTERN AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF SALMONELLA AND SHIGELLA SPECIES AMONG UNDER FIVE CHILDREN WITH DIARRHEA ATHIWOT FANA SPECIALIZED UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL, HARAR, EASTERN ETHIOPIA

Abstract

Background: Diarrhea, particularly due to enteric bacterial pathogen and their antimicrobial resistance is a major health problem worldwide. In developingcountries like Ethiopia,Salmonella and Shigellia are among varity diarrheal pathogens which cuases under five morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To determine the prevalence ofSalmonella and Shigellia,antibiotic susceptibility pattern and associated factors among under fivechildren with diarrhea atHiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia fromJanuary 10, 2018 to April 10, 2018. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 369under five children with diarrhea attendingat Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital. Astructured questionnaire was used for collection of data on socio-demographic characteristics and associated factors. Stool sample wascollected, cultured and antimicrobial susceptibility was perfomed on salmonellaand shigella.Data was analysed using SPSS version16 soft ware. A P value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result:The overall prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella was16.8%,)[Salmonell (10.6%) and Shigella(6.2%)spp].Higher resitance of Salmonella sppfor Tetracycline(59.0% and Shigellia spp for Cotrimoxazole (73.9%), Tetracycline (69.6%) and Chloramphenicol (43.5%).Child age less than 1 year (AOR=0.096;95% CI=0.03,0.29) and tap water and bottled water (AOR=0.03;95% CI=0.01,0.12) less likely , family monthly income< 1000 ETB(AOR=2.2;95% CI=1.1,4.2) and parents hand washing habit before food preparation and feeding the child (AOR=2.01;95% CI=1.1,4.2) wre higher odds aquring Salmonella and Shigella infection Conclusion and Recomendation:Salmonella and Shigellia identified in this study was found high. Age of child, family monthly income, mothers hand washig habit and source of drinking water were idetfied factors. Mother should improve their hand washing and safe water supply to mother is also recommended by the regional water supply organization. Gentamycin, Nalidixic acid and Norfloxacin can be used for an empirical treatment Salmonella and Shigellia infection in the hospital.