Abstract:
Salmonella is leading causes of foodborne illnesses responsible for thousands of deaths worldwide. Resistance to antimicrobial agents has become a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A cross-sectional study was carried out from March to June 2020 in Shashemene town dairy cows to show the gap on the magnitudes and antibiotic resitance pattern of salmonella in study area with the objectives of estimating the magnitude and associated risk factors for the occurrences of Salmonella and determining the antimicrobial susceptibility patteen of the isolates. A total of 236 samples (feces, pooled feces, milk, and pooled milk and hand swab samples) from dairy farms were collected using a simple random sampling technique. Standard bacteriological and biochemical tests were used to isolate and identify. The isolates were further confirmed by OmniLog/Biolog system. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was also used for testing antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Data entry was conducted by EPI data version 3.1software and analyzed by using Stata version 14. Both descriptive statistic and binary logistic regression analysis was used to know the proportion and estimate the effects of each factor on Salmonella magnitude respectively. Out of 236 sample tested, total of Eight (3.4%) were found to be positive for Salmonella.The isolation frequencies of Salmonella were 0%, 5.6%, 3%, 11.1% and 11.1% from udder milk, pooled milk, feces of individual cow, pooled feces, and hand swab sample respectively. The occurrence of salmonella was higher among old age group (OR, 2.0, 95%CI (1.62-2.45) P value=0.019), poor body condition (OR, 0. 027, 95% CI (0.00-0.35) P. value=0.012) and Cows have deliver many calve were (OR, 16.9, 95% CI (1.83-157.7) P. value=0.013), While, the odds of occurrence of salmonella among study variable in dairy farms with larger herd size (OR, 19.5, 95 CI (1.248- 307.02) P. value=0.034) and that of poor farm hygeinc (OR, 18, 95% CI (1.19-271.4).P. value=0.037).were at a higher risk of infection. All the Salmonella (8) isolates were belonged to two different serovars of which S.enterica SS eneterica (n =5) from animal feces and S.enterica serotype parathypi B (3) were from pooled milk and hand swab. They were tested against ten commonly used anitibotic. The result of antimicrobial resistance shows that, 50% of the isolate were developed multi drug resistance which may affect livestock production and public health in the study area. Therefore, it is important to reduce the occurrence of salmonella, and development of multidrug resistance through keeping the body condition of cows, culling older cows, providing good health care in larger herd zise farms , keeping and maintain good farm hygienic condition practice regularly
