MAREKO-GURAGE INTER-ETHNIC CONFLICT: THE CASE OF MAREKO WOREDA OF GURAGE ZONE, ETHIOPIA

Abstract

This thesis dealt with the causes, actors and the impacts of the Mareko-Gurage inter-ethnic conflict in the Mareko woreda of Gurage Zone, Ethiopia. The study examined the underlying factors that caused violent inter-ethnic conflict between the two ethnic groups in the study area, the actors and the impacts of the conflict from various angles and perspectives. Qualitative research method, particularly, phenomenological research design was employed in this study. In the course of collecting data, both primary and secondary sources were used. The researcher highly relied on primary sources of data; however secondary sources of data were also used. The methods used to collect data were key informant interview, focus group discussion (FGD) and document analysis. Purposive sampling technique was also used to select the participants for key informant interview and FGD. The data collected using the various data collection instruments were organized and analyzed thematically in accordance with the research questions and objectives of the study. The findings of this study revealed that Mareko and Gurage maintained peaceful social relations before the establishment of the Gurage zone. The weakened social relation of both ethnic groups since the establishment of the zone, turned in to hostility after 2002 G.C (after the establishment of the Mareko woreda) and this led them to engage in a destractive conflict in 2018 G.C. The identified factors were the political factors, security factors, socio-cultural factors, phychological factors, imposed identity and the dispute over the nine kebeles.The actors involved in the conflict were educated and political elites, business owners,the youths of both ethnic groups, illicit arms dealers,traditional leaders and elders, victims’ families and clan members. Moreover, the study revealed the impacts of the conflict as; economic, social, political and psychological impacts. To manage the conflict and build peace in the study area, both formal and customary mechanisms of conflict management and peacebuilding were undertaken. However, the attempts failed to address the root causes of the conflict and still there are tensions between the two ethnic groups. Finally, the study implied using inclusive approach, ensuring justice, federal government intervention and responding to the questions of both ethnic groups to address the conflict and to build lasting peace in the study area.