Abstract:
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the second leading cause of death from a single infectious
agent, and leading cause of death among people living with human immunodeficiency virus
worldwide. Tuberculosis and Human immunodeficiency virus co-infection is a key problem to
the global target set to end tuberculosis.
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the treatment outcome of tuberculosis cases by
HIV status and its associated factors in Haramaya General Hospital, Oromia, Ethiopia, from
November 15 to December 30, 2022.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was done. The standard tuberculosis registry and treatment
cards of patients who received anti-tuberculosis treatment in the hospital from September 2017
to August 2022 were reviewed. The data collected using a structured data extraction format were
entered to Epi 7 package software and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
software version 21.
Results: Out of the 420 samples addressed, 91.0% of all TB patients had successful treatment
outcome. Treatment success rate of HIV positive TB patients and HIV negative TB patients were
80.0% and 91.9%, respectively. Being HIV negative (AOR: 2.561, 95% CI: 1.002-6.542), being
in age group of 20-35 years (AOR: 2.950, 95% CI: 1.171-7.431), and urban residence (AOR:
2.961, 95% CI: 1.466-5.981) were associated with the TB treatment success rate.
Conclusion: There is high treatment success rate among all TB patients. HIV status influenced
TB treatment outcome. Providing effective treatment supervision and patient and care giver’s
education, and earlier initiation of isoniazid preventive therapy recommended for reducing HIV
co-infection among tuberculosis and improving TB success rate.
